feat: expand seed library from 6 to 100 protocols

Added 94 new protocol YAML seed files covering diverse global cultures
and practices:

Indigenous & traditional: Maori powhiri, Aboriginal yarning, Somali xeer,
Moroccan jmaa, Tswana kgotla, Zulu imbizo, Peruvian ronda campesina,
Ohlone land-back, Inuit IQ consensus, Haudenosaunee condolence,
Navajo peacemaking, Ojibwe pipe ceremony, Polynesian talanoa,
Rwandan gacaca, West African palaver tree, Mexican tequio,
Javanese musyawarah-mufakat, Tibetan story council, Korean yangban,
Filipino utari, Ainu practices

Religious communities: Quaker meeting for business, clearness committee,
Amish shunning (Meidung), Mennonite discernment, Jewish hevruta,
Rastafari nyabinghi reasoning

Facilitation: World Cafe, Open Space, Future Search, Six Thinking Hats,
Dynamic Facilitation, Socratic Seminar, Delphi method, Copenhagen
Consensus, Lean Coffee, Hackathon sprint, Agile retrospective,
Stand-up meeting, Pair programming, Roadmap planning

Governance: Sociocratic consent selection, Dynamic self-governance,
Cooperative consensus, Hackerspace consensus, Mastodon governance,
Climate assemblies (x2), Basque asamblearismo

Conflict & repair: Restorative conference, circle sentencing,
Nonviolent Communication (3 protocols), Active listening mirror,
Appreciative apology repair

Community & care: Community kitchen, Gratefulness circle, Passing circle,
Paired walking, Deep listening dyad, Mutual aid, Permaculture charrette

Education: Barefoot College night school, Socratic seminar

Everyday: Various greeting, transition, and gratitude protocols

All protocols credit original sources. Cultural context noted in
descriptions. All YAML files validated.
This commit is contained in:
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id: aboriginal-yarning
title: Aboriginal Yarning Circle
description: >-
An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander practice of unstructured but
purposeful storytelling and conversation in a circle, used to build
relationship, share knowledge, and address matters respectfully. Yarning
is a recognised research and clinical method in Indigenous Australian
contexts.
source: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander practice / Lowitja Institute
source_url: https://www.lowitja.org.au/
tags: [aboriginal, australian, yarning, indigenous, dialogue]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Sit in a circle
description: >-
Participants sit in a circle, often outdoors. There is no fixed
agenda; the yarn follows what needs to be spoken, in its own time.
- headline: Share story
description: >-
Participants share stories — personal, family, country, history —
that bear on the matter. Story carries knowledge differently from
argument.
- headline: Listen without interruption
description: >-
Each person is heard without cross-talk. Listeners receive the story
as a gift, not as material to rebut.
- headline: Let the yarn find its way
description: >-
The yarn moves where it needs to, often circling back. The
unstructured quality is the point — meaning emerges through
patient sharing.
- headline: Close when complete
description: >-
The yarn closes when those present feel it is complete, not when a
clock says. A shared cup of tea or meal often marks the close.
outcome: >-
Knowledge and relationship are built through respectful storytelling,
in a form that honours Indigenous ways of knowing.
practice: >-
Do not impose an agenda. The yarn's time is its own. If you are not
Aboriginal, follow the lead of those who are — yarning is a cultural
practice, not a meeting technique.
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id: active-listening-mirror
title: Active Listening Mirror
description: >-
A paired listening practice where the listener reflects back what they
heard before responding. Drawn from client-centred therapy traditions
developed by Carl Rogers and widely used in mediation and counselling.
source: Carl Rogers, "Client-Centered Therapy"
source_url: https://www.simplypsychology.org/client-centered-therapy.html
tags: [listening, communication, conflict, mirroring]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Speaker shares
description: >-
The speaker shares what is on their mind for a set time, while the
listener gives full attention without interruption.
- headline: Mirror back
description: >-
The listener reflects back what they heard in their own words: "What
I'm hearing is..." without adding interpretation or rebuttal.
- headline: Confirm or correct
description: >-
The speaker confirms whether the mirror is accurate or adds
clarification; the listener mirrors again if needed.
- headline: Switch
description: >-
Roles swap and the process repeats, so each person is both heard and
heard-from.
outcome: >-
Each person feels accurately heard before any response or problem-solving
begins, reducing miscommunication and escalation.
practice: >-
Resist the urge to respond before mirroring. The mirror is not agreement
— it is accuracy. If the speaker cannot confirm the mirror, try again
rather than moving on.
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id: agile-retrospective-five-steps
title: Agile Retrospective
description: >-
A five-step team reflection meeting held at the end of an iteration to
improve process. Formalised in the Agile software development tradition,
drawing on Norm Kerth's retrospective prime directive.
source: Esther Derby and Diana Larsen, "Agile Retrospectives"
source_url: https://www.agileretrospectives.com/
tags: [agile, retrospective, teams, improvement]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set the stage
description: >-
The facilitator states the retrospective prime directive and checks in
each person briefly, setting psychological safety.
- headline: Gather data
description: >-
The team collects what happened during the iteration — events,
metrics, feelings — without interpretation.
- headline: Generate insights
description: >-
The team analyses the data for patterns and root causes, asking why
things happened as they did.
- headline: Decide what to do
description: >-
The team selects one or two actionable improvements for the next
iteration, with owners and due dates.
- headline: Close
description: >-
The facilitator closes with appreciation and a check on how the
retrospective itself went.
outcome: >-
The team commits to one or two concrete improvements owned by named
people, with shared understanding of why.
practice: >-
The prime directive matters: "Regardless of what we discover, we
understand and truly believe that everyone did the best job they could."
It prevents blame.
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id: amish-shunning-meidung
title: Amish Meidung Discipline
description: >-
An Amish practice of communal discipline in which a member who has
violated the Ordnung (community rules) and refused to repent is shunned
— members limit social contact to encourage repentance and restoration.
Rooted in Anabaptist tradition and based on Matthew 18:15-17.
source: Amish tradition / Anabaptist practice
source_url: https://groups.amishcountry.org/
tags: [amish, anabaptist, discipline, restoration, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Private admonition
description: >-
A member who has violated the Ordnung is first admonished privately by
one or two members, seeking repentance and restoration.
- headline: Bring to the church
description: >-
If private admonition fails, the matter is brought to the church
(congregation). The member is again urged to repent.
- headline: Vote on meidung
description: >-
If the member still refuses, the congregation votes to enter meidung
— shunning. The vote is a communal act, not a leader's decree.
- headline: Shun to restore
description: >-
Members limit social contact with the shunned person — no communal
meals, no business — while continuing family obligations. The purpose
is to make restoration desirable, not to exile permanently.
- headline: Receive the repentant
description: >-
If the member repents, the congregation receives them back with joy
and a vote to end the meidung. Restoration, not punishment, is the
end.
outcome: >-
A member is disciplined by the community with the explicit goal of
restoration; shunning ends the moment repentance is genuine.
practice: >-
Meidung is painful and used rarely. The purpose is always restoration,
not exile. Family obligations continue even in shunning — it is social,
not familial, severance.
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id: appreciative-apology-repair
title: Appreciative Apology and Repair
description: >-
A paired practice for delivering and receiving an apology so that repair
actually occurs, drawing on restorative and Nonviolent Communication
traditions. Distinct from a defensive or hollow apology.
source: Restorative communication tradition
source_url: https://www.iirp.edu/
tags: [apology, repair, restorative, communication]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Name the act specifically
description: >-
The person apologising names what they did in specific terms —
"I raised my voice and called your idea foolish in the meeting" — not
"I'm sorry if you were hurt."
- headline: Acknowledge the impact
description: >-
They describe the impact they understand their action had, without
minimising or explaining it away.
- headline: Express genuine regret
description: >-
They express regret for the harm, not for being caught — naming what
they wish they had done.
- headline: Offer repair
description: >-
They offer a concrete act of repair — a correction to those present,
a changed behaviour, a restitution — and ask if it would help.
- headline: Receive and respond
description: >-
The person harmed receives the apology, names what they need (which
may include time), and either accepts the repair or proposes an
alternative.
outcome: >-
An apology is delivered and received as repair, with both parties clear
on what happened, its impact, and the path forward.
practice: >-
"I'm sorry you felt" is not an apology. "I'm sorry I did" is. The repair
must be offered, not imposed — ask what would help, then negotiate.
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id: appreciative-inquiry-summit
title: Appreciative Inquiry Summit
description: >-
A large-group method that discovers and amplifies what is already working
in an organisation or community. Developed by David Cooperrider at Case
Western Reserve University.
source: David Cooperrider, "Appreciative Inquiry"
source_url: https://positivechange.org/how-does-ai-work/
tags: [appreciative-inquiry, summit, strengths, large-group]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Define the affirmative topic
description: >-
A steering group chooses positive, strength-based topics to inquire into
— for example "moments of exceptional collaboration" rather than
"fixing dysfunction."
- headline: Discovery interviews
description: >-
Participants pair up and interview each other about peak experiences
related to the topic, listening for what made those moments possible.
- headline: Dream
description: >-
Small groups share stories and craft a shared image of what the
organisation could look like if those strengths were amplified.
- headline: Design
description: >-
Groups propose specific arrangements — structures, practices,
relationships — that would support the dream.
- headline: Destiny
description: >-
Individuals and groups commit to concrete next actions they will take,
building on the design proposals.
outcome: >-
The group identifies strengths and commits to bold, shared aspirations
grounded in real lived experience.
practice: >-
The affirmative topic is everything. If framed as a problem, the summit
collapses into complaint. Spend real time crafting the topic wording.
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id: arab-majlis
title: Arab Majlis Consultation
description: >-
A traditional Gulf Arab gathering in which community members sit together
to discuss matters, petition leaders, and seek counsel. The majlis is a
recognised cultural space for accessible consultation in Arab societies,
inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural
Heritage.
source: UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
source_url: https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/majlis-00744
tags: [majlis, arab, consultation, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open the majlis
description: >-
The host opens the majlis at an agreed time; all are welcome without
appointment, in keeping with the practice's accessibility.
- headline: Receive attendees
description: >-
The host greets each attendee and offers hospitality — typically
coffee and dates — establishing a relationship of welcome.
- headline: Hear the matters
description: >-
Attendees raise matters of concern, whether personal disputes,
community issues, or requests of the host. The host listens to each in
turn.
- headline: Respond and consult
description: >-
The host responds, offers counsel, or refers the matter to those with
the relevant authority, consulting those present as appropriate.
- headline: Close with thanks
description: >-
The majlis closes when all matters are heard; attendees depart with
thanks, leaving the relationship intact for the next gathering.
outcome: >-
Community members access decision-makers directly; matters are heard and
addressed within a relationship of mutual respect.
practice: >-
Accessibility is the heart of the majlis. If the host becomes hard to
reach, the form is lost. Hospitality is not decoration — it signals the
equality of guest and host.
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id: art-of-hosting-harvest
title: Art of Hosting Harvest
description: >-
A practice from the Art of Hosting community for collectively capturing
the "harvest" — insights, decisions, patterns — of a gathering in a form
that can travel to those not present. Developed by practitioners of
participatory facilitation including Toke Paludan-Müller and Monica
Nissén.
source: Art of Hosting Conversations That Matter
source_url: https://artofhosting.org/
tags: [art-of-hosting, harvest, documentation, facilitation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Name a harvest team
description: >-
Before the gathering, a small team is named to steward the harvest,
with responsibility for capturing and shaping what emerges.
- headline: Capture in multiple forms
description: >-
The team captures the gathering in words, images, graphic recordings,
and photos, attending to patterns as well as conclusions.
- headline: Share at intervals
description: >-
The harvest is shared back to the group at intervals, so participants
see what is being captured and can correct or add to it.
- headline: Shape for those absent
description: >-
The team shapes the harvest for those who were not present — a
report, a story, a visual — so the gathering's learning can travel.
- headline: Publish and offer
description: >-
The harvest is published or offered to the wider community, with
attribution to the contributors and an invitation to build on it.
outcome: >-
The gathering's insights and patterns are captured in a form that can
travel to those not present, extending the work beyond the room.
practice: >-
Harvest is not minutes. It is the meaning made visible. Choose forms
that fit the audience — a graphic recording may carry more than a
report for some communities.
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id: barefoot-college-night-school
title: Barefoot College Night School Assembly
description: >-
A practice from Barefoot College (Tilonia, Rajasthan, India) where night
schools for rural children are governed by a children's parliament that
oversees the schools. Originating in the work of Bunker Roy, the night
schools serve children who work during the day.
source: Barefoot College / Social Work and Research Centre (SWRC), Tilonia
source_url: https://www.barefootcollege.org/
tags: [india, barefoot-college, education, children, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Elect the children's parliament
description: >-
Children from the night schools elect a parliament, including a
prime minister and ministers, through a formal process. The
parliament governs the night schools.
- headline: Parliament meets regularly
description: >-
The children's parliament meets, hearing reports from each night
school — attendance, teacher performance, facilities, problems.
- headline: Address issues raised
description: >-
The parliament addresses issues — a teacher missing, a solar lamp
broken — and assigns ministers to follow up, with real authority to
act.
- headline: Report to the community
description: >-
The parliament reports to the broader community and to Barefoot
College staff, who support but do not override the children's
decisions.
outcome: >-
Rural night schools are governed by the children who attend them,
building agency and accountability from the youngest participants.
practice: >-
The children's authority is real. If adults override the parliament, the
form collapses. Support, do not decide for them.
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id: basque-asamblearismo
title: Basque Asamblearismo Assembly
description: >-
A Basque practice of horizontal assembly decision-making used in
cooperatives, social movements, and community organisations in the
Basque Country. Rooted in Basque traditions of communal self-governance
and in the Mondragon cooperative experience.
source: Mondragon Cooperative Corporation / Basque assembly tradition
source_url: https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/
tags: [basque, assembly, cooperative, horizontal, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the assembly
description: >-
All members of the cooperative or organisation are convened. The
assembly is the sovereign body; no smaller group can override it.
- headline: Present with full information
description: >-
Proposals are presented with full financial, social, and strategic
information, shared in advance so members arrive prepared.
- headline: Deliberate horizontally
description: >-
Discussion proceeds without hierarchy of rank. A facilitator manages
turn-taking; all members may speak, including the newest.
- headline: Decide by majority or consensus
description: >-
The assembly decides by the agreed threshold — often majority, sometimes
consensus — with dissent recorded and the reasons stated.
- headline: Mandate the governing council
description: >-
The assembly mandates the governing council to implement the
decision, with the council accountable back to the next assembly.
outcome: >-
A decision is made by the full membership, with the governing council
mandated and accountable, in a form that keeps sovereignty with the
assembly.
practice: >-
Full information in advance is the discipline. An assembly that decides
without prior information is a rubber stamp. The council implements but
does not overrule.
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id: basque-ikastola-assembly
title: Basque Ikastola Parents' Assembly
description: >-
A Basque practice in which the parents of an ikastola — a Basque-medium
cooperative school — govern the school through a general assembly, with
each family holding a voice. Ikastolas emerged during the Franco era as
grassroots Basque language schools and remain parent-cooperative in
governance.
source: Ikastola movement / Federation of Ikastolas of the Basque Country
source_url: https://www.ikastola.eus/
tags: [basque, ikastola, education, cooperative, assembly]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene all families
description: >-
The ikastola convenes a general assembly of all families whose
children attend. Each family, not each parent, holds a voice in the
governance of the school.
- headline: Present with full accounts
description: >-
The governing board presents the school's accounts, educational
plan, and staff situation, shared in advance so families arrive
informed.
- headline: Deliberate on direction
description: >-
The assembly deliberates on the school's direction — pedagogical
choices, Basque-language policy, finances, staffing — with all
families able to speak.
- headline: Vote by family
description: >-
The assembly votes on decisions, each family casting one vote. The
board is elected or confirmed from among the families.
- headline: Mandate the board
description: >-
The assembly mandates the board to implement the decisions, with the
board accountable to the next assembly.
outcome: >-
A Basque-medium school is governed by the families whose children
attend, with direction set by assembly and implemented by an
accountable board.
practice: >-
The family-as-member structure is what makes an ikastola cooperative,
not state. If families disengage and the board self-perpetuates, the
form drifts toward ordinary school governance.
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id: chatham-house-rule
title: Chatham House Rule
description: >-
A confidentiality protocol for meetings, under which participants are
free to use information received but may not reveal the identity or
affiliation of the speaker. Originating at the Royal Institute of
International Affairs (Chatham House) in London in 1927.
source: Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House)
source_url: https://www.chathamhouse.org/about-us/chatham-house-rule
tags: [confidentiality, meetings, dialogue, trust]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Declare the rule
description: >-
The convenor states at the opening that the meeting is held under the
Chatham House Rule, and reads or summarises the rule for those
unfamiliar.
- headline: Participants speak freely
description: >-
Participants speak knowing that what they say may be reported, but not
who said it. This frees those in official roles to speak personally.
- headline: Use information, not identity
description: >-
After the meeting, anyone may use the information they heard, but must
not disclose the identity or affiliation of any speaker, nor describe
them in ways that would identify them.
- headline: Hold each other accountable
description: >-
Participants are expected to uphold the rule themselves. Breaches are
taken seriously as they undermine the trust on which the form depends.
outcome: >-
Participants share information and views more openly than they would on
the record, while protecting speakers from attribution.
practice: >-
The rule is a discipline, not a default. State it explicitly when it
applies. Some meetings use a stronger variant — no reporting at all —
which is not the Chatham House Rule.
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id: climate-assembly-oxford
title: Oxford Citizens' Climate Assembly
description: >-
A specific citizens' assembly model piloted by the newDemocracy
Foundation and Oxford City Council, in which a stratified random sample
of residents deliberates on climate policy and reports recommendations
to council. Part of the wider citizens' assembly movement for
deliberative democracy on climate.
source: newDemocracy Foundation / Oxford City Council
source_url: https://www.newdemocracy.com.au/
tags: [citizens-assembly, climate, sortition, local-government]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Recruit by sortition
description: >-
A stratified random sample of around 40 Oxford residents is recruited
to reflect the city's demographics on age, gender, ethnicity, and
deprivation.
- headline: Learn over multiple weekends
description: >-
The assembly meets over two or more weekends, hearing from climate
experts, stakeholders, and each other, with time to question and
deliberate.
- headline: Deliberate in facilitated small groups
description: >-
Members deliberate in small facilitated groups, working through
trade-offs and drafting recommendations, with all voices
supported.
- headline: Vote on recommendations
description: >-
The assembly votes on each recommendation. Recommendations that pass
are reported with the level of support and dissent noted.
- headline: Report and council response
description: >-
The assembly reports to the council, which commits to respond to
each recommendation — accept, reject, or adapt — within a set time.
outcome: >-
A representative body of residents produces considered climate
recommendations, and the council is bound to respond publicly to each.
practice: >-
The council's commitment to respond is what gives the assembly weight.
Without it, the assembly becomes consultation theatre. Sortition, not
self-selection, is the legitimacy.
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id: climate-assembly-sortition
title: Citizens' Climate Assembly
description: >-
A deliberative democracy method where a representative sample of a
population, chosen by sortition (random selection), is convened to learn
about and recommend policy on a complex issue. Used increasingly for
climate policy, following models from Ireland, France, and the UK.
source: newDemocracy Foundation / OECD Innovative Citizen Participation
source_url: https://www.oecd.org/governance/innovative-citizen-participation/
tags: [sortition, citizens-assembly, climate, deliberative-democracy]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Select by sortition
description: >-
A representative sample of the population — typically 60 to 150 people
— is selected by random stratified sortition to reflect the
demographics of the whole.
- headline: Learn from evidence
description: >-
The assembly hears from experts, stakeholders, and community members
across the spectrum of views, with time to question and deliberate.
- headline: Deliberate in small groups
description: >-
Members deliberate in facilitated small groups, working through the
trade-offs and values at stake, with facilitators ensuring all speak.
- headline: Draft recommendations
description: >-
The assembly drafts recommendations, voting on each. Recommendations
reflect the considered view of the body, including dissent.
- headline: Report to the polity
description: >-
The assembly's recommendations are presented to the sponsoring
government or public, with a commitment to respond.
outcome: >-
A representative body of ordinary citizens produces considered
recommendations on a complex issue, informed by evidence and deliberation.
practice: >-
The sortition is the legitimacy — it is not a self-selected panel.
Quality of facilitation determines whether all voices actually shape the
outcome. Government must commit to respond, or the assembly erodes trust.
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id: community-kitchen
title: Community Kitchen Rotation
description: >-
A mutual aid practice in which members take turns cooking for the whole
group, sharing labour and food, and creating regular time together.
Found in many cultural traditions, including Sikh langar, Jewish
community kitchens, and contemporary mutual aid networks.
source: Sikh langar tradition / mutual aid networks
source_url: https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Langar
tags: [mutual-aid, food, community, rotation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Establish the rotation
description: >-
The group agrees on a regular meal — weekly or monthly — and a
rotation of who cooks for each one. The burden and the gift rotate.
- headline: Cook for all
description: >-
The cook for that meal prepares food for the whole group, accounting
for dietary needs. The meal is free to those who come.
- headline: Eat together
description: >-
The group gathers, shares the meal, and eats together. The cook is
released from other tasks for that gathering.
- headline: Clean together
description: >-
After the meal, those who ate clean up alongside or instead of the
cook, so the labour does not all fall on one.
- headline: Acknowledge and rotate
description: >-
The cook is thanked; the next cook is named. The rotation continues,
keeping the gift circulating.
outcome: >-
The group shares food and time regularly, with the labour of cooking
distributed rather than concentrated on a few.
practice: >-
The rotation is the heart. If the same people always cook, it becomes
service, not mutual aid. Shared cleanup is as important as shared food.
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id: confucian-ancestor-ritual
title: Confucian Ancestor Reverence Ritual
description: >-
A Chinese ritual practice of offering food, incense, and reverence to
ancestors at a home or clan altar, reaffirming lineage and obligation.
Rooted in Confucian and broader Chinese tradition, the practice is
performed at regular intervals and at festivals such as Qingming.
source: Confucian tradition / Chinese cultural practice
source_url: https://www.britannica.com/topic/ancestor-veneration
tags: [confucian, chinese, ancestor, ritual, family]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set the altar
description: >-
The family sets the altar with the ancestors' tablets or photographs,
incense, and offerings of food and drink that the ancestors enjoyed
in life.
- headline: Offer with reverence
description: >-
The senior family member offers incense and food, bowing before the
altar. The offering is made as if the ancestors were present to
receive it.
- headline: Name the ancestors
description: >-
The ancestors are named — recently departed first, then the lineage.
Naming keeps the relationship specific, not abstract.
- headline: Report family matters
description: >-
The senior member reports significant family matters — births,
deaths, milestones — to the ancestors, keeping them present in the
family's ongoing life.
- headline: Share the food
description: >-
The family shares the offered food together, the meal now blessed by
the offering. The ritual closes in shared eating.
outcome: >-
The lineage is reaffirmed; the living and the dead remain in
relationship, with family identity strengthened across generations.
practice: >-
The ritual is not superstition — it is the maintenance of relationship
with those who made the living. Perform it regularly, not only at
crisis. The food shared afterwards is part of the ritual.
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id: consensus-with-facilitator
title: Consensus Decision with Facilitator
description: >-
A facilitated consensus process in which a group works toward agreement
that everyone can support or at least not block. Common in cooperative and
activist organising, drawing on Quaker and collective practice.
source: Seeds for Change, "Consensus Decision Making"
source_url: https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/consensus
tags: [consensus, decision-making, facilitation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Present the proposal
description: >-
A proposer summarises the proposal and the need it addresses, then
yields to questions of clarification only — not opinions.
- headline: Gather concerns
description: >-
The facilitator invites concerns and reservations, listed visibly
without debate. Each concern is a chance to improve the proposal.
- headline: Amend and discuss
description: >-
The group discusses amendments that address concerns, with the
facilitator tracking proposals and checking for agreement on each
change.
- headline: Test for consensus
description: >-
The facilitator asks whether anyone cannot live with the revised
proposal. A block must come with a reasoned explanation and an offer to
help find a solution.
- headline: Confirm and record
description: >-
The decision is restated, written down with any reservations noted, and
the action steps and responsible parties are confirmed.
outcome: >-
A decision that all participants can support, with dissent engaged rather
than overridden.
practice: >-
Distinguish a block from a stand-aside. A block is rare and serious — when
blocks recur, revisit the proposal's assumptions or the group's shared aims.
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id: cooperative-consent-round
title: Cooperative Consent Round
description: >-
A decision method where each member in turn states consent, stand-aside,
or objection to a proposal, so the decision is recorded with all
positions visible. Used in worker cooperatives and sociocratic
organisations.
source: Sociocracy for All / worker cooperative tradition
source_url: https://www.sociocracyforall.org/
tags: [consent, cooperative, decision-making, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Present the proposal
description: >-
The proposer presents the proposal and answers clarifying questions
only. No opinions are offered yet.
- headline: Open for reaction
description: >-
The facilitator opens a brief round of reactions to surface concerns,
without yet seeking resolution. Concerns are listed visibly.
- headline: Amend to address concerns
description: >-
The proposer amends the proposal to address concerns that have been
raised, stating each change explicitly.
- headline: Consent round
description: >-
Each member in turn states one of: consent (no reasoned objection),
stand-aside (I won't help but won't block), or objection (a specific
reason this would cause harm).
- headline: Address objections or withdraw
description: >-
Objections are addressed by further amendment. If an objection cannot
be resolved, the proposal is withdrawn or held.
outcome: >-
A decision is adopted with every member's position recorded, including
stand-asides; no one is silently carried along.
practice: >-
The consent round is the key step — it surfaces the silent dissenter.
Stand-aside is not a block; it is a recorded non-participation. Objections
must be reasoned and specific.
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id: cooperative-sociocracy-circle
title: Sociocratic Circle Meeting
description: >-
A sociocratic circle meeting where a working group governs its own domain
by consent, with a chosen leader and roles, within the larger
organisation's circles. Developed in the Netherlands by Gerard Endenburg
as Sociocratic Circle-Organisation Method (SCM).
source: Sociocracy for All / Endenburg Electrical Engineering
source_url: https://www.sociocracyforall.org/
tags: [sociocracy, circle, consent, cooperative, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open with round
description: >-
The circle opens with a brief round in which each member shares how
they are arriving, setting connection before business.
- headline: Consent to agenda
description: >-
The facilitator proposes an agenda. The circle consents to it —
anyone may add an item by raising a reasoned objection.
- headline: Work each item by consent
description: >-
Each agenda item is worked by consent: presentation, clarifying
questions, consent round. Decisions are adopted when no reasoned
objection remains.
- headline: Review roles and measurements
description: >-
The circle periodically reviews its roles (leader, facilitator,
secretary) and its measurements, consenting to any changes.
- headline: Close with round
description: >-
The circle closes with a brief round — one word or sentence from
each — and the next meeting is confirmed.
outcome: >-
The circle governs its domain by consent, with all roles and decisions
held by the members rather than imposed from above.
practice: >-
Consent is not consensus — it asks "is this good enough for now, and
safe enough to try?" not "do we all agree?" This difference lets the
circle move.
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id: copenhagen-consensus
title: Copenhagen Consensus Expert Prioritisation
description: >-
A method where a panel of economists prioritises global challenges by
cost-benefit analysis, used by the Copenhagen Consensus Center founded
by Bjorn Lomborg. Combines expert panels with economic evaluation to
direct attention to the most effective interventions.
source: Copenhagen Consensus Center
source_url: https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/
tags: [prioritisation, experts, cost-benefit, global, policy]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Commission challenge papers
description: >-
For each challenge, an expert is commissioned to write a paper
assessing interventions and their cost-benefit ratios, with
transparent methodology.
- headline: Expert panel deliberates
description: >-
A panel of distinguished economists reads the papers, questions the
authors, and deliberates on the relative value of interventions
across challenges.
- headline: Rank by return
description: >-
The panel ranks interventions by their benefit-cost ratio, producing
a list that directs attention and resources to the highest-return
options.
- headline: Publish with dissent
description: >-
The rankings are published with the panel's reasoning and any
dissenting notes, so the basis is transparent and open to challenge.
- headline: Invite response
description: >-
The wider community of experts and the public are invited to respond,
with the possibility of revisiting rankings in light of new
evidence.
outcome: >-
A transparent prioritisation of interventions, based on cost-benefit
analysis and expert deliberation, published with reasoning for
scrutiny.
practice: >-
The cost-benefit frame has limits — it can miss values not easily
monetised. Use it as one input, not as the answer. Transparency of
method is what makes it challengeable.
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id: council-process
title: Council Practice
description: >-
A circle-based dialogue practice with four intentions — speak from the
heart, listen from the heart, be spontaneous, and be lean. Rooted in
Native American and global council traditions, formalised by the Ojai
Foundation.
source: The Ojai Foundation / Jack Zimmerman
source_url: https://www.ojaifoundation.org/council
tags: [council, indigenous, listening, dialogue]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open council
description: >-
A facilitator opens with a dedication and reads the four intentions:
speak from the heart, listen from the heart, be spontaneous, be lean.
- headline: Pass the talking piece
description: >-
The talking piece is passed; only the holder speaks. Each person shares
what is alive for them, spontaneously, without rehearsal.
- headline: Witness without response
description: >-
Listeners receive what is said without rebuttal, advice, or cross-talk.
The piece moves on when the speaker is complete.
- headline: Close council
description: >-
The facilitator closes with a dedication or silence, marking the end of
the held space.
outcome: >-
The group shares authentically and listens deeply; trust and connection
grow through witness rather than debate.
practice: >-
"Be lean" means say what is true and stop — don't pad. "Be spontaneous"
means don't rehearse while others speak. Both are hard.
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id: dalit-ambedkar-samata-melan
title: Samata Melan Equality Gathering
description: >-
A Dalit Bahujan community practice of gathering to affirm equality and
discuss shared concerns, rooted in the Ambedkarite movement for social
equality in India. Inspired by B.R. Ambedkar's principles of liberty,
equality, and fraternity.
source: Ambedkarite movement / Dalit Bahujan tradition
source_url: https://www.ambedkar.org/
tags: [dalit, ambedkar, india, equality, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the gathering
description: >-
Community members convene the melan, sitting together without caste
hierarchy markings — an act of equality in itself.
- headline: Affirm shared principles
description: >-
An elder or organiser opens by affirming the principles of equality,
liberty, and fraternity, and the shared dignity of all present.
- headline: Reason on community matters
description: >-
Participants raise concerns — discrimination, access, mutual aid — and
reason together, with attention to those most affected leading.
- headline: Commit to action
description: >-
The gathering agrees on collective actions, with named people taking
responsibility for next steps.
outcome: >-
The community addresses shared concerns within a frame of equality,
strengthening solidarity against caste hierarchy.
practice: >-
The form itself — equal seating, no caste markers — does political work.
Do not let the gathering revert to hierarchy; the framing is the point.
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id: deep-listening-dyad
title: Deep Listening Dyad
description: >-
A paired practice where one person speaks continuously for a fixed time
while the other listens with full attention and without any response,
then swap. Used in contemplative, therapeutic, and men's and women's
work, drawing on M. Scott Peck and Pauline Oliveros's deep listening
traditions.
source: Pauline Oliveros, "Deep Listening" / community men's and women's work
source_url: https://www.deeplistening.org/
tags: [listening, dyad, contemplative, paired]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set the time and roles
description: >-
The pair agrees on a fixed time — typically five to ten minutes — and
who speaks first. The listener commits to no response whatsoever.
- headline: Speak without break
description: >-
The speaker talks without interruption, following what is alive for
them. Silence within the time is fine; the listener does not fill it.
- headline: Listen without response
description: >-
The listener gives full attention, makes no notes, offers no facial
commentary, and does not interrupt. The discipline is to receive only.
- headline: Swap
description: >-
At the bell, the pair swaps. The former speaker now listens with the
same discipline; the former listener now speaks.
- headline: Close with silence
description: >-
After both have spoken, the pair sits in silence for a minute,
letting what was spoken settle. There is no debrief unless both
explicitly ask.
outcome: >-
Each person has spoken without interruption and been heard without
response, often accessing what they did not know they thought.
practice: >-
The listener's discipline is the form. If you respond, even with a nod
of agreement, you have broken it. The silence at the close is not
awkward — it is the integration.
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id: delphi-method
title: Delphi Method
description: >-
A structured method for gathering expert judgement through rounds of
anonymous questionnaires with controlled feedback, used when direct
meeting is impractical or would be distorted by dominance. Developed at
the RAND Corporation in the 1950s.
source: RAND Corporation
source_url: https://www.rand.org/
tags: [delphi, expert, decision-making, foresight]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Define the question
description: >-
The coordinators define the question and recruit a panel of experts
who will participate across several rounds.
- headline: First round questionnaire
description: >-
Each panellist responds independently and anonymously to the first
questionnaire, providing their judgement and reasoning.
- headline: Summarise and feed back
description: >-
The coordinators summarise all responses — including areas of
agreement and disagreement — and feed them back to the panel
without identifying who said what.
- headline: Revise in light of others
description: >-
Each panellist revises their judgement in light of the summary,
optionally explaining why they hold their view against the group.
- headline: Iterate to convergence
description: >-
Rounds continue (typically three or four) until judgement stabilises.
The final summary reports the distribution of views, not a forced
consensus.
outcome: >-
A reasoned, anonymised convergence of expert judgement that resists the
dominance and groupthink of face-to-face meetings.
practice: >-
Anonymity is the engine — without it, the most senior or loudest voice
distorts the rest. Do not force consensus; report the spread of
judgement honestly.
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id: dynamic-facilitation
title: Dynamic Facilitation
description: >-
A small-group facilitation method that uses four charts — solutions,
concerns, data, and vision statements — to surface creative breakthroughs
through energy rather than agenda control. Developed by Jim Rough.
source: Dynamic Facilitation Institute
source_url: https://www.tobe.net/
tags: [facilitation, creativity, breakthrough, choice-creating]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set up four charts
description: >-
The facilitator posts four flip charts labelled Solutions, Concerns,
Data, and Vision. There is no agenda beyond the issue named.
- headline: Capture as it flows
description: >-
The facilitator captures each contribution on the relevant chart as it
arises, validating every shift in direction rather than redirecting.
- headline: Follow energy
description: >-
The facilitator follows the group's energy, not a plan. Moments of
tension or excitement are welcomed as doorways to breakthrough.
- headline: Reach a choice
description: >-
Through this unstructured flow, the group reaches a shared sense of
what is really going on and what to do — a "choice" rather than a
decision.
outcome: >-
The group arrives at a creative shared result that no structured agenda
would have produced, often a reframing of the original problem.
practice: >-
This is harder than it looks. The facilitator must hold the space without
imposing order. Trust the energy; the charts do the organising.
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id: feedback-sbi-model
title: Situation-Behaviour-Impact Feedback
description: >-
A structured feedback method that describes the situation, the observed
behaviour, and the impact, avoiding labels and character judgements.
Developed by the Center for Creative Leadership.
source: Center for Creative Leadership
source_url: https://www.ccl.org/
tags: [feedback, workplace, communication]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Describe the situation
description: >-
The giver names the specific time and place: "In yesterday's team
meeting, when we were reviewing the timeline..."
- headline: Describe the behaviour
description: >-
The giver describes what they observed, factually and without
interpretation: "...you interrupted Sarah three times while she was
presenting the schedule."
- headline: Describe the impact
description: >-
The giver describes the effect: "...Sarah went quiet and the team
missed her caveats, which showed up later as a missed dependency."
- headline: Pause for response
description: >-
The giver pauses and invites the receiver's perspective, listening
before moving to any suggestion.
outcome: >-
The receiver hears specific, non-judgemental feedback they can act on,
without feeling attacked as a person.
practice: >-
If you cannot name the situation and behaviour specifically, you are not
ready to give the feedback. Avoid the verb "always" and the label "you
are."
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id: future-search
title: Future Search Conference
description: >-
A large-group planning method that brings diverse stakeholders into a
shared exploration of past, present, and future to find common ground.
Developed by Marvin Weisbord and Sandra Janoff.
source: Marvin Weisbord and Sandra Janoff, "Future Search"
source_url: https://futuresearch.net/
tags: [future-search, planning, large-group, stakeholders]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Map the past
description: >-
Small mixed groups create a timeline of key events in their own lives,
the organisation, and the world over several decades.
- headline: Map the present
description: >-
Groups map current trends and forces affecting the system, noting
what they are proud of and what they are sorry about.
- headline: Ideal future scenarios
description: >-
Small groups craft vivid scenarios of the organisation twenty years
on, as if they have already happened.
- headline: Find common ground
description: >-
The whole group identifies shared themes and projects that all
stakeholders can commit to, setting aside differences.
- headline: Action plans
description: >-
Volunteers form task groups around each common-ground project and plan
concrete next steps.
outcome: >-
Diverse stakeholders discover shared ground and commit to projects none
could have advanced alone.
practice: >-
Stakeholder diversity is essential — include those with authority,
resources, knowledge, and those affected. The "proud/sorry" step often
releases energy that agenda control would have suppressed.
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id: gacaca-court
title: Rwandan Gacaca Community Justice
description: >-
A Rwandan practice of community-based justice assemblies that address
conflict and, in the post-genocide period, were adapted to try cases of
genocide-related crimes. Rooted in traditional Rwandan gacaca (literally
"on the grass") gatherings where elders resolved disputes.
source: Rwandan traditional justice / National Service of Gacaca Courts
source_url: https://www.gov.r/
tags: [rwandan, gacaca, justice, reconciliation, africa]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene on the grass
description: >-
The community gathers outdoors, in the presence of inyangamugayo
(persons of integrity) who serve as judges. The gathering is public
and community-wide.
- headline: Hear the case
description: >-
The accused and those harmed are both heard, with witnesses and
community members free to speak to what they know and saw.
- headline: Establish truth
description: >-
The inyangamugayo and community together establish what happened,
drawing on collective memory and witness, aiming for a shared
account that the community can accept.
- headline: Determine reparation
description: >-
The assembly determines reparation — confession, apology,
restitution, or community service — oriented toward reconciliation
and reintegration.
- headline: Pronounce and reintegrate
description: >-
The decision is pronounced in the presence of the community. The goal
is reintegration of the offender into community, not isolation.
outcome: >-
Cases are heard and resolved within the community, with truth
established collectively and reparation oriented toward reconciliation.
practice: >-
Gacaca is demanding — it asks the community to face its own. It is not a
substitute for formal justice where crimes are severe, but a complement
rooted in communal accountability.
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id: gratefulness-circle
title: Gratefulness Circle
description: >-
A simple closing practice where each person in a group names one thing
they are grateful for from the time together. Found in many community
and spiritual traditions as a way of marking endings with attention.
source: Common community practice / Gratefulness.org
source_url: https://www.gratefulness.org/
tags: [gratitude, closing, reflection, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Frame the round
description: >-
The facilitator invites each person to name one thing they are
grateful for from the gathering, however small.
- headline: Go around
description: >-
Each person speaks in turn, briefly. Passing is always welcome;
silence is a valid offering.
- headline: Hold without comment
description: >-
The group receives each offering without response or comment. No
gratitude is too small or too ordinary.
- headline: Close
description: >-
The facilitator closes, often with a moment of silence, marking the
end of the gathering.
outcome: >-
The gathering closes with each person having named what they received,
deepening attention and closing well.
practice: >-
Resist commenting on others' gratitude. The practice is offering, not
discussion. A round of three minutes can change how a meeting ends.
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id: hackathon-sprint
title: Hackathon Sprint
description: >-
A time-bounded collaborative build event where small teams form around
problems and produce working prototypes by a fixed deadline, then present
to the group. Originating in the open source software community,
hackathons spread from US tech culture globally.
source: Open source software community / OpenBSD hackathon tradition
source_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathon
tags: [hackathon, sprint, collaboration, technology, open-source]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Pitch problems
description: >-
Anyone may pitch a problem or project they want to tackle. Pitches are
short — one minute — and the group votes or self-selects into teams.
- headline: Form teams
description: >-
Participants form teams of three to six around the pitches they want
to work on. Teams self-organise roles and approach.
- headline: Build to the deadline
description: >-
Teams build intensively toward a fixed deadline — often twenty-four
or forty-eight hours — checking in at agreed intervals.
- headline: Demo to the group
description: >-
At the deadline each team demonstrates what they built, honestly
including what did not work. Demos are timed and short.
- headline: Retrospect and continue
description: >-
The group retrospectively notes what worked in the process and which
projects will continue beyond the hackathon.
outcome: >-
Working prototypes are produced and shared in a short time, with teams
formed around real interest rather than assignment.
practice: >-
The deadline is the engine. Demos that include what failed are more
valuable than polished ones; learning is a legitimate outcome.
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
id: hackerspace-consensus-doctorate
title: Hackerspace Consensus Meeting
description: >-
A governance meeting format used in many hackerspaces and makerspaces
where members propose changes and the group works toward consensus or
rough consensus, with an explicit "doctorate" of expertise respected
but not privileged. Originating in the global hackerspace movement,
with Noisebridge (San Francisco) as a notable exemplar.
source: Noisebridge / Hackerspace movement
source_url: https://www.noisebridge.net/
tags: [hackerspace, consensus, governance, open-source, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Post the proposal in advance
description: >-
The proposer posts the proposal on the hackerspace's wiki or
discussion board at least a week before the meeting, so members can
read and comment before convening.
- headline: Present at meeting
description: >-
At the meeting the proposer presents the proposal. The facilitator
takes clarifying questions, then opens discussion.
- headline: Discuss concerns
description: >-
Members raise concerns, which are listed. The proposer amends or
responds. The facilitator ensures those with relevant expertise are
heard but not privileged over others.
- headline: Test for consensus
description: >-
The facilitator tests for consensus or rough consensus. A block must
be reasoned and accompanied by a willingness to help find a
solution.
- headline: Record and act
description: >-
The decision is recorded on the wiki with the date and any
stand-asides. Action items are assigned to named members.
outcome: >-
A hackerspace decision is made with members' input, recorded publicly,
and acted on by named owners.
practice: >-
Posting in advance is the discipline — decisions made on the spot
exclude those not present. A block is a serious act; at Noisebridge it
comes with an obligation to work toward resolution.
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
id: inuit-qaujimajatuqangit-consensus
title: Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit Consensus
description: >-
An Inuit practice of communal decision-making grounded in
qaujimajatuqangit (traditional knowledge), where elders and community
members deliberate until consensus is reached, with attention to the
four guiding principles of working for the common good, respecting all
living things, continually learning, and serving the community. The
Government of Nunavut explicitly incorporates IQ into its decision-making.
source: Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit / Government of Nunavut
source_url: https://www.gov.nu.ca/
tags: [inuit, iq, consensus, arctic, indigenous, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene with elders
description: >-
The community convenes with elders present and honoured. Elders carry
qaujimajatuqangit — knowledge accumulated across generations — and
guide the deliberation.
- headline: Frame for the common good
description: >-
The matter is framed in terms of the common good (piliriqatigiingniq)
— what serves the whole community and its relationship with the
land and living things.
- headline: Deliberate to consensus
description: >-
The community deliberates until consensus is reached. Dissent is
heard and addressed; the process is not rushed, as the Inuit
understand decisions must hold over time.
- headline: Honour the land and living things
description: >-
Throughout, the decision is tested against its effect on the land and
on living things — animals, future generations, the camp — not on
human interest alone.
- headline: Pronounce and live with it
description: >-
The consensus is pronounced and the community lives with the
decision, observing its effects and revisiting it if the
consequences prove harmful.
outcome: >-
A decision is reached by consensus, grounded in traditional knowledge,
with the common good and the land held in view.
practice: >-
Elders are not symbolic — their knowledge carries the deliberation. If
the process is rushed, it fails the Inuit understanding that decisions
must hold over time.
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id: jain-amicable-debate
title: Jain Anekantavada Multi-View Dialogue
description: >-
A Jain practice of dialogue grounded in anekantavada — the doctrine that
truth has many aspects — in which disputants present and hold each
other's views as partially true, rather than as wholly wrong. Rooted in
Jain philosophy dating to ancient India, formalised in the
syadvada method of seven-fold predication.
source: Jain philosophical tradition / Mahavira
source_url: https://www.jainworld.com/
tags: [jain, anekantavada, dialogue, india, philosophy]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Present one's view
description: >-
Each disputant presents their view fully, without interruption. The
other listens as if it may be true, not as if it is wrong.
- headline: Acknowledge partial truth
description: >-
Each party acknowledges the partial truth in the other's view —
"from one perspective, what you say is so." No view is held as the
whole truth.
- headline: Use syadvada predication
description: >-
Each proposition is considered from seven standpoints: in one way it
is; in one way it is not; in one way it is and is not; in one way it
is inexpressible; and combinations thereof. This surfaces the
limits of each view.
- headline: Hold the multi-view
description: >-
Rather than collapse to one view, the dialogue holds the multiple
perspectives as each partially true. The resolution is not
synthesis but coexistence.
- headline: Act with humility
description: >-
Any action taken proceeds with the acknowledgment that the view it
rests on is partial, not absolute. Dogmatism is the failure mode.
outcome: >-
A dialogue concludes with each view held as partially true, and action
taken with the humility that no single view captures the whole.
practice: >-
The discipline is to genuinely hold the other's view as possibly true,
not to perform it. If you cannot find the partial truth in the other's
view, you have not yet understood it.
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id: jamaican-brotherhood-reasoning
title: Jamaican Brotherhood Reasoning
description: >-
A Jamaican and Rastafari practice of "reasoning" — extended,
ganja-assisted communal discussion of spiritual, social, and personal
matters, often into the night. Distinct from formal nyabinghi, reasoning
is the conversational heart of Rastafari livity, found in yards and
gatherings across Jamaica and the diaspora.
source: Rastafari reasoning tradition / Caribbean cultural practice
source_url: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rastafari
tags: [jamaican, rastafari, reasoning, dialogue, caribbean]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Gather in the yard
description: >-
Brethren and sistren gather in a yard or home, often in the evening.
The host provides food and a place to sit; the gathering has no set
end time.
- headline: Open with a theme or issue
description: >-
An elder or the host opens by naming a theme or issue for reasoning
— a scripture, a social condition, a personal struggle — and invites
the reasoning to begin.
- headline: Reason in turn and flow
description: >-
Participants reason in flow, not strict turn. Each contribution is
heard; the elder keeps coherence and gently redirects domination.
The reasoning may circle and return.
- headline: Draw on scripture and lived experience
description: >-
Participants ground their reasoning in scripture (often the Bible
read through a Rastafari lens) and in their own lived experience.
The two are held together, not separated.
- headline: Close when complete
description: >-
The reasoning closes when those present feel it is complete, often
with shared food or chant. No clock sets the end.
outcome: >-
Spiritual and social understanding is deepened through extended
communal reasoning, with scripture and lived experience held together.
practice: >-
The unstructured flow is the form — do not impose an agenda. The
elder's role is to keep coherence, not to dictate. Reasoning into the
night is normal; do not rush it.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
id: jamaican-reggae-summit-nyabinghi
title: Nyabinghi Reasoning Session
description: >-
A Rastafari gathering for communal reasoning, drumming, and chant, where
participants reason together on spiritual and social matters. Originating
in the Rastafari tradition of Jamaica, nyabinghi gatherings combine
deliberation with musical worship.
source: Rastafari tradition / Caribbean Reasoning
source_url: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rastafari
tags: [rastafari, jamaican, reasoning, music, spirituality]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Gather the brethren
description: >-
The community gathers, often around a fire, with drummers ready. The
elder or leading bredda opens with prayer and sets the theme for
reasoning.
- headline: Reason together
description: >-
Participants reason on the theme — sharing analysis, scripture, and
lived experience. Each voice is heard; the elder keeps coherence.
- headline: Drum and chant
description: >-
Drumming and chant arise, weaving the reasoning into musical worship.
The three nyabinghi drums — bass, funde, and repeater — set the
heartbeat.
- headline: Close in unity
description: >-
The session closes when the reasoning and chant have reached their
natural end, often with shared food.
outcome: >-
Spiritual and social understanding deepens through combined reasoning and
chant; the community is strengthened in shared practice.
practice: >-
Reasoning and chant are not separate — they flow into one another. Honour
the elders' role in holding the form.
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id: japanese-hansei
title: Japanese Hansei Reflection
description: >-
A Japanese practice of deep self-reflection on one's actions and
shortcomings, performed individually and sometimes collectively after a
project or event. Originating in Japanese cultural and Buddhist-influenced
traditions and central to Toyota's improvement practice.
source: Japanese cultural tradition / Toyota hansei practice
source_url: https://www.lean.org/
tags: [japanese, hansei, reflection, improvement]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Identify what fell short
description: >-
The person or team identifies specifically where they fell short of
the standard or their own intentions — not to assign blame but to
see clearly.
- headline: Take personal responsibility
description: >-
Each person names their own contribution to the shortfall, without
deflecting to circumstances or others. Hansei is owned, not assigned.
- headline: Identify the root in oneself
description: >-
The person reflects on what within their own habits, assumptions, or
skills led to the shortfall, going beneath the surface action.
- headline: Commit to a concrete change
description: >-
The person commits to a specific change in practice or mindset and,
in a team context, shares it so others can hold them accountable.
outcome: >-
A clear-eyed reckoning with one's own shortcomings produces a concrete
commitment to change, owned by the person themselves.
practice: >-
Hansei is not self-flagellation. It is honest seeing. If the reflection
does not lead to a specific change, it is incomplete.
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id: japanese-kaizen-retrospective
title: Kaizen Retrospective
description: >-
A continuous improvement meeting pattern from Japanese manufacturing
practice, used by teams to surface small changes that improve the work.
Originating in the Toyota Production System kaizen tradition.
source: Toyota Production System / Lean Enterprise Institute
source_url: https://www.lean.org/
tags: [kaizen, retrospective, lean, teams]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Define the standard
description: >-
The team reviews the current standard work — what the process is
supposed to be — so everyone shares the baseline.
- headline: Find the gap
description: >-
Each member names one place where the actual work differs from the
standard, focusing on the work, not the worker.
- headline: Ask five whys
description: >-
For one chosen gap, the group asks "why?" repeatedly until they reach
a root cause, not just a symptom.
- headline: Propose a small change
description: >-
The team proposes the smallest possible change that addresses the root
cause, with an owner and a trial period.
- headline: Update the standard
description: >-
After the trial, the team decides whether to adopt the change and
updates the written standard work.
outcome: >-
A specific, tested improvement is adopted and the standard work is updated;
the team builds a habit of continuous small improvements.
practice: >-
Resist big redesigns. Kaizen favours many small changes over grand
overhauls. Keep the five whys honest — stop at the first answer the team
can act on.
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id: japanese-nemawashi
title: Japanese Nemawashi Informal Alignment
description: >-
A Japanese organisational practice of informally consulting each
stakeholder one-on-one before a formal decision meeting, so the meeting
confirms rather than surprises. Originating in Japanese corporate and
bureaucratic culture, nemawashi (literally "digging around the roots")
prepares the ground for consensus.
source: Japanese corporate practice / nemawashi tradition
source_url: https://www.japanintercultural.com/
tags: [japanese, nemawashi, decision-making, consensus, workplace]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Map the stakeholders
description: >-
The proposer identifies everyone whose support or non-objection is
needed for the decision to hold, including those outside the formal
meeting.
- headline: Consult each individually
description: >-
The proposer meets each stakeholder one-on-one, shares the proposal,
and hears their concerns, questions, and suggested changes —
before any group meeting.
- headline: Revise the proposal
description: >-
The proposer revises the proposal in light of what they have heard,
incorporating concerns or preparing responses for them.
- headline: Confirm in formal meeting
description: >-
When the formal meeting convenes, each stakeholder has already seen
the proposal and raised their concerns. The meeting confirms the
decision quickly.
outcome: >-
A decision is confirmed in a formal meeting with no surprises, because
the real deliberation happened in prior individual conversations.
practice: >-
Nemawashi is not backroom dealing — it is respect for each person's
stake. Skipping it and springing a proposal in a meeting is read as
discourtesy, not efficiency.
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id: javanese-musyawarah-mufakat
title: Javanese Musyawarah-Mufakat
description: >-
An Indonesian practice of deliberation (musyawarah) leading to consensus
(mufakat), rooted in Javanese village tradition and enshrined in the
Indonesian state philosophy of Pancasila. The method emphasises reaching
agreement through patient discussion rather than voting.
source: Indonesian Pancasila tradition / Javanese gotong royong
source_url: https://www.indonesia.go.id/
tags: [javanese, indonesian, musyawarah, consensus, pancasila]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open with silaturahmi
description: >-
The gathering opens with silaturahmi — the strengthening of
relationships — so discussion proceeds from established connection.
- headline: Musyawarah — deliberate patiently
description: >-
Participants discuss the matter at length, hearing all views. The
facilitator (often a village elder) ensures no voice is silenced and
seeks the points all can accept.
- headline: Mufakat — reach consensus
description: >-
Discussion continues until mufakat — consensus — is reached. There is
no vote; the group waits until all can accept the outcome.
- headline: Pronounce and record
description: >-
The consensus is pronounced and recorded. The decision carries the
weight of the whole community's agreement.
outcome: >-
A decision is reached that all participants can accept, without
outvoting a minority, through patient deliberation.
practice: >-
Patience is the form. If the facilitator forces a vote or imposes
closure, the mufakat is hollow. Silaturahmi is not preamble — it is the
ground.
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id: jewish-hevruta
title: Jewish Hevruta Paired Study
description: >-
A Jewish practice of paired text study in which two partners read a text
together and argue with and for each other to reach deeper
understanding. Originating in the Talmudic tradition of havruta study
in yeshivas.
source: Jewish textual tradition / Heschel and Hartman Institute
source_url: https://hartman.org.il/
tags: [jewish, hevruta, study, dialogue, education]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Choose a partner and text
description: >-
Two study partners (hevruta) choose a text — often a page of Talmud,
a passage of Torah, or a philosophical text — and read it aloud
together.
- headline: Read closely, aloud
description: >-
The partners read the text line by line, aloud, pausing at each
difficulty. Reading aloud surfaces what silent reading misses.
- headline: Argue with and for
description: >-
Each partner argues their reading of a passage, then argues the
other's reading charitably — taking the opposing view seriously
enough to make it well.
- headline: Rest on difficulty
description: >-
When a passage resists resolution, the partners leave the question
open rather than forcing closure. The text's difficulty is part of
the study.
- headline: Summarise what shifted
description: >-
At the close, each partner names one thing they now understand
differently than when they began.
outcome: >-
Each partner reaches a deeper understanding than either could alone,
through the discipline of arguing with and for each other.
practice: >-
Hevruta is not debate to win. The discipline of arguing the other's view
well is what distinguishes it. Choose a partner who will disagree, not
one who will agree.
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id: kerala-kudumbashree
title: Kerala Kudumbashree Neighbourhood Group
description: >-
A Kerala (India) women's neighbourhood group (NHG) practice, the smallest
unit of the Kudumbashree community network, where 10 to 20 women meet
weekly to micro-save, assess needs, and make collective decisions.
Kudumbashree is one of the largest women's community networks in the
world, established by the Government of Kerala.
source: Kudumbashree Mission, Government of Kerala
source_url: https://www.kudumbashree.org/
tags: [kerala, kudumbashree, women, microfinance, india, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Form the NHG
description: >-
Ten to twenty women from the same neighbourhood form a Neighbourhood
Group, meeting weekly. Each contributes a small saving to a common
fund.
- headline: Weekly meeting
description: >-
The NHG meets weekly: savings are collected, needs are discussed,
microloans are considered and approved by the group, not by an
external officer.
- headline: Assess and grade
description: >-
The NHG regularly assesses the needs of each member household and
grades the family's risk, so that support is targeted to those most
in need.
- headline: Take up collective enterprises
description: >-
NHGs may form collective enterprises — catering, farming, crafts —
with group members as co-owners, supported by the wider Kudumbashree
network.
- headline: Feed up to ADS and CDS
description: >-
NHG decisions and needs are fed up to the Area Development Society
and Community Development Society, the federated structure that
engages local government.
outcome: >-
Women in the same neighbourhood pool savings, decide on loans, assess
each other's needs, and run enterprises, with a federated voice into
local government.
practice: >-
The weekly meeting is the form. If meetings lapse, the NHG dies. The
group, not an officer, decides on loans — this is what keeps it
accountable to the women themselves.
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id: korean-nunchi-reading
title: Korean Nunchi Group Reading
description: >-
A Korean social practice of quickly reading the mood, dynamics, and
unspoken context of a room or group before acting or speaking. Nunchi
(literally "eye-measure") is a foundational social skill in Korean
culture for navigating group harmony.
source: Korean cultural tradition / Euny Hong, "The Power of Nunchi"
source_url: https://www.eunyhong.com/
tags: [korean, nunchi, social-awareness, harmony]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Observe before entering
description: >-
Before joining a room or conversation, pause and observe: who is
present, what is the mood, where is the tension, who holds influence
in this moment.
- headline: Read the unspoken
description: >-
Attend to body language, tone, pauses, and what is not being said.
Note who defers to whom and where energy gathers or withdraws.
- headline: Calibrate your entry
description: >-
Adjust how and when you enter the interaction — what to say, what to
hold, whether to speak at all — based on the reading you have made.
- headline: Continue reading throughout
description: >-
Nunchi is continuous, not a one-time read. Keep observing as the
interaction evolves and adjust.
outcome: >-
A person enters and participates in a group in a way that fits its
actual dynamics, avoiding missteps and supporting harmony.
practice: >-
Nunchi is not manipulation — it is attention to the collective. The
pause before entering is the practice. Speed of reading comes with
deliberate attention, not with rushing.
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id: korean-yangban-council
title: Korean Yangban Council Deliberation
description: >-
A Joseon-dynasty Korean practice of council deliberation among the
yangban (scholar-official) class, in which officials discussed policy
with reference to Confucian texts and precedent, seeking consensus that
balanced royal authority with ministerial judgment. Rooted in Korean
Confucian governance from the 14th to 19th centuries.
source: Joseon Dynasty governance / Korean Confucian tradition
source_url: https://www.encyclopedia.com/
tags: [korean, joseon, yangban, confucian, governance, council]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the council
description: >-
Senior officials (yangban) convene, often at the king's request or on
a matter of state. The council deliberates in the presence of
Confucian texts and court records.
- headline: Cite precedent and text
description: >-
Each official grounds their position in Confucian classics and in
precedent from prior reigns. Argument proceeds by appeal to text and
history, not by personal preference alone.
- headline: Deliberate to consensus
description: >-
The council deliberates toward a consensus that balances the king's
authority with the officials' collective judgment. Strong dissent
is recorded and weighed.
- headline: Memorialise the king
description: >-
The council's consensus, with any dissent, is memorialised to the
king as a written memorial. The king may accept, modify, or reject,
but the memorial carries the council's weight.
- headline: Record for precedent
description: >-
The deliberation and outcome are recorded in the court annals, so
future councils may cite them as precedent.
outcome: >-
Policy is deliberated by scholar-officials with reference to text and
precedent, producing a memorial that balances royal authority with
ministerial judgment.
practice: >-
The citation of text and precedent is the discipline — it binds
argument to shared sources. Without it, deliberation becomes assertion.
The record for precedent makes the council's work cumulative.
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id: lean-coffee
title: Lean Coffee
description: >-
A structured-but-agendaless meeting format where participants build the
agenda collaboratively and discuss topics through timed votes. Originating
in the Lean and Agile software community in Seattle.
source: Lean Coffee
source_url: https://leancoffee.org/
tags: [lean, agile, meetings, agendaless]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Generate topics
description: >-
Each participant writes topics they want to discuss on sticky notes,
one topic per note, and posts them to a shared board.
- headline: Dot vote
description: >-
Each person places dots on the topics they most want discussed, voting
for their own and others. The board is sorted by dot count.
- headline: Timed rounds
description: >-
Topics are discussed in order, each starting with a three-minute
timer. A thumbs-up vote extends by two minutes; majority no-vote moves
on.
- headline: Review and capture
description: >-
At the end, the group reviews what was discussed, captures actions,
and notes topics still open for next time.
outcome: >-
The group discusses what the people present actually care about, in
priority order, with no agenda imposed from above.
practice: >-
The three-minute start is short by design — it forces focus. Don't skip
the voting; it surfaces the real priorities without debate.
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id: lempira-ainu-utari
title: Ainu Utari Support Network
description: >-
A traditional Ainu practice of mutual aid and kinship obligation among
related households, in which members support each other in labour,
ceremony, and hardship. Originating in the Ainu Indigenous people of
northern Japan (Hokkaido) and Sakhalin.
source: Foundation for Ainu Culture
source_url: https://www.ff-ainu.or.jp/
tags: [ainu, indigenous, mutual-aid, japan]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Recognise the obligation
description: >-
When a household within the utari (kin network) faces a birth, death,
harvest, or hardship, the network recognises an obligation to assist.
- headline: Gather helpers
description: >-
A senior member calls the utari together, naming the need and the
households who will contribute labour, food, or presence.
- headline: Work and share food
description: >-
The network gathers, works the task together, and shares a meal. The
host household provides; helpers bring what they can.
- headline: Reciprocate in turn
description: >-
Each contributing household knows its turn will come. The obligation is
ongoing, not transactional.
outcome: >-
No household faces major life events alone; the utari binds the community
through acknowledged mutual dependence.
practice: >-
Utari is not charity — it is kinship obligation. Honour reciprocity across
time; do not extract help without offering it when called.
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id: lempira-lenca-council
title: Lenca Community Council
description: >-
A traditional Lenca Indigenous council practice from Honduras and El
Salvador for resolving community matters and maintaining relationship
with the land. The Lenca are one of the largest Indigenous groups of
Honduras, with the council (cabildo) serving governance and cultural
continuity.
source: Lenca Indigenous tradition / COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras)
source_url: https://copinhonduras.org/
tags: [lenca, honduras, indigenous, council, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the cabildo
description: >-
The community elder or elected cabildo head convenes the council.
Members gather in a designated community space, often outdoors.
- headline: Ground in the land
description: >-
The council opens by acknowledging the land and the ancestors, rooting
the proceedings in the community's ongoing relationship with its
territory.
- headline: Hear the matter
description: >-
The matter is presented — a dispute, a land question, a community
project. All affected speak, with elders given particular attention.
- headline: Deliberate for the common good
description: >-
The council deliberates toward what serves the community and the
land, not individual interest. Decisions are framed in terms of
relationship to territory.
- headline: Pronounce and act
description: >-
The cabildo pronounces the decision, and the community acts on it
collectively. The decision binds the community as a whole.
outcome: >-
A community matter is resolved with the land and ancestors held in view,
binding the community to the decision and to its territory.
practice: >-
The land is not backdrop; it is party to the deliberation. Decisions
that ignore the territory's wellbeing fail the form.
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id: maori-powhiri
title: Maori Powhiri Welcoming Ceremony
description: >-
A Maori welcoming ceremony that establishes connection and the rights of
visitors and hosts. Originating in Aotearoa New Zealand Maori tradition,
the powhiri follows a fixed sequence of encounters.
source: Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
source_url: https://teara.govt.nz/en/powhiri
tags: [maori, ceremony, welcome, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Karanga (the call)
description: >-
A woman from the host group performs a call of welcome; a woman from the
visiting group responds. This acknowledges the living and the dead.
- headline: Whaikorero (formal speeches)
description: >-
Speakers from each side deliver formal orations in turn, beginning with
the hosts. Each speech is followed by a waiata (song) from that side.
- headline: Koha (gift)
description: >-
The visitors present a koha — a gift or contribution — placed on the
marae, representing reciprocity and gratitude.
- headline: Hongi (greeting)
description: >-
Hosts and visitors press noses and foreheads in the hongi, symbolising
the sharing of breath and the joining of the two groups.
outcome: >-
Strangers become guests; the relationship between the two groups is
formally established and acknowledged.
practice: >-
Protocols vary by iwi (tribe) and marae — follow the local kawa. Visitors
should arrange guidance from a local kaikaranga or kaikorero before
attending.
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id: mastodon-federation-governance
title: Mastodon Federation Governance Vote
description: >-
A governance practice in the Mastodon fediverse community where instance
members vote on policies, codes of conduct, and moderation decisions,
often through structured discussion on the instance's local timeline or
governance channel. Reflecting the federated, cooperative ethos of the
Mastodon project founded by Eugen Rochko.
source: Mastodon project / fediverse governance tradition
source_url: https://joinmastodon.org/
tags: [mastodon, fediverse, governance, federation, online]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Post the proposal publicly
description: >-
The instance administrator or a member posts a proposal — a policy
change, a moderation rule, a federation decision — on the instance's
governance channel, with a clear question and a discussion period.
- headline: Discuss openly
description: >-
Members discuss the proposal on the channel for a set period (often a
week). Discussion is visible to all members, not held in private
backchannels.
- headline: Vote
description: >-
After discussion, a vote is held — often a simple poll with
agree/disagree/abstain. The threshold for adoption is set in
advance and visible.
- headline: Implement and record
description: >-
The administrator implements the decision and records it in the
instance's public governance record, with the vote tally noted.
- headline: Federate the outcome
description: >-
Where the decision affects federation (blocking or allowing other
instances), the outcome is communicated so other instance admins can
take note.
outcome: >-
Instance policies are decided with member input, recorded publicly, and
communicated to the wider federation.
practice: >-
Discussion before voting, not after, is the discipline. A vote without
prior discussion is a stamp, not a decision. Record the tally —
transparency builds trust in federated spaces.
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id: mennonite-consensus
title: Mennonite Congregational Consensus
description: >-
A Mennonite practice of seeking congregational consensus through
prayerful discussion and discernment, without voting. Rooted in the
Anabaptist tradition of communal discernment and pacifist commitment.
source: Mennonite Church USA / Mennonite World Conference
source_url: https://www.mennoniteusa.org/
tags: [mennonite, anabaptist, consensus, discernment, church]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Frame in worship
description: >-
The congregation frames the decision in prayer and scripture,
recognising it as a matter of communal discernment, not preference.
- headline: Open discussion
description: >-
Members share their views and concerns openly, with a moderator
ensuring that all voices — including the marginal — are heard.
- headline: Seek the mind of Christ
description: >-
The moderator names the emerging sense of the congregation, testing
whether it reflects a shared discernment rather than a majority.
- headline: Confirm or hold
description: >-
If the congregation can unite, the decision is confirmed. If not, the
matter is held for further prayer and discussion rather than voted
through.
outcome: >-
A decision is made that the congregation can unite behind, or held until
such unity emerges, without overriding dissent.
practice: >-
The discipline is not to vote when unity is absent. Holding a matter is
not failure — it is the form respecting the discernment.
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id: mexican-tequio
title: Mexican Tequio Communal Labour
description: >-
A Zapotec and broader Mexican practice of mandatory communal labour for
public works, in which each community member contributes days of work
rather than money. Originating in Oaxacan Indigenous communities (where
it is also called colecta), tequio is recognised in Oaxaca state law.
source: Zapotec and Oaxacan tradition / Servicios para una Educación Alternativa (EDUCA)
source_url: https://www.educaoaxaca.org/
tags: [mexican, zapotec, tequio, communal-labour, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Identify the public work
description: >-
The comunidad (community assembly) identifies a work needed — a road,
a school, a water system, a church repair — that exceeds private
capacity.
- headline: Assign tequio days
description: >-
The assembly assigns each adult member a number of tequio days.
Contributions are in labour, calibrated to the work needed, not in
money.
- headline: Work together on set days
description: >-
On the set days, the community works together, with food provided
communally. The work is public, visible, and shared.
- headline: Account and complete
description: >-
The assembly accounts for who served and who did not. Unfulfilled
tequio is a serious matter, addressed by the assembly.
- headline: Inaugurate together
description: >-
The completed work is inaugurated with the whole community, marking
it as the product of shared labour, not of contract or charity.
outcome: >-
Public works are built through shared labour, binding the community to
its infrastructure and to each other.
practice: >-
Tequio is not volunteer — it is obligation. But it is also not coerced
by an outside authority; it is the community obliging itself. If some
escape it, the form rots.
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id: mohawk-condolence-ceremony
title: Haudenosaunee Condolence Ceremony
description: >-
A Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) ritual for clearing grief and restoring a
leader, performed when a chief dies or is removed. Central to the Great
Law of Peace (Gayanashagowa), it uses prescribed words, wampum, and
actions to clear the mind of grief.
source: Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace
source_url: https://www.haudenosaunee.org/
tags: [haudenosaunee, iroquois, condolence, grief, indigenous, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Roll call and lament
description: >-
The gathered nations perform a roll call across the confederacy. The
mourners' grief is acknowledged through formal lamentation.
- headline: Clear the eyes, ears, and throat
description: >-
The officiating chief performs the requickening words, symbolically
clearing the eyes (tears), ears (blocked hearing), and throat
(strangled speech) of the mourners using prescribed phrases.
- headline: Wipe the body
description: >-
Symbolic wiping of the body with wampum clears grief from the
mourners, restoring their ability to act.
- headline: Install the successor
description: >-
A new chief is raised up (requickened) in the place of the departed,
receiving the title and obligations of the office.
- headline: Confirm the chain of friendship
description: >-
The condolence closes with a reaffirmation of the confederacy's
unity, the chain of friendship renewed among the nations.
outcome: >-
Grief is ritually cleared so the mourners and the confederacy can act
again; leadership is restored without rupture.
practice: >-
The words and actions are prescribed by the Great Law and must be
performed correctly — this is not improvisation. The requickening is
both grief work and governance.
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id: moroccan-jmaa-village
title: Moroccan Jmaa Village Assembly
description: >-
A Moroccan Berber (Amazigh) and Arab practice of village assembly
governance, where the men of the village gather to manage water, land,
and communal affairs by discussion and consensus. Found across rural
Morocco, particularly in the Atlas regions, the jmaa predates and
complements state structures.
source: Moroccan Amazigh village tradition / Association Amoud
source_url: https://www.amoud.ma/
tags: [moroccan, amazigh, berber, jmaa, governance, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the jmaa
description: >-
The senior men of the village convene the jmaa at a known meeting
place — often the mosque square or a tree. All adult male
household heads may attend.
- headline: Present the matter
description: >-
The matter — water allocation, a land dispute, a communal work — is
presented. Each affected household speaks through its head.
- headline: Deliberate to consensus
description: >-
The jmaa deliberates until consensus is reached. The senior members
guide but do not impose; a decision without consensus does not hold.
- headline: Pronounce and record by memory
description: >-
The decision is pronounced and held in collective memory — often
unwritten. The jmaa's authority rests on communal recognition, not
on a document.
- headline: Enforce collectively
description: >-
The village collectively enforces the decision. Sanctions for
violation are communal — exclusion from water rotation, from
communal labour — not imposed by a separate body.
outcome: >-
Village affairs are governed by consensus of household heads, with
decisions enforced collectively and held in communal memory.
practice: >-
The jmaa's unwritten character depends on continuity of memory and
attendance. Where young men no longer attend, the form ages and
weakens. Water allocation is the test — a jmaa that cannot govern
water has lost its function.
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id: navajo-hozho-ji-peacemaking
title: Navajo Hozho Ji Peacemaking
description: >-
A Diné (Navajo) justice practice in which a peacemaker convenes those in
conflict to restore hozho — harmony, balance, and right relationship —
through guided dialogue. Rooted in Diné traditional law and recognised
within the Navajo Nation court system.
source: Navajo Nation Peacemaking Program
source_url: https://www.navajopeacemaking.org/
tags: [navajo, dine, peacemaking, restorative, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene with the peacemaker
description: >-
A recognised peacemaker (naat'aanii) convenes the parties and affected
relatives in a circle. The peacemaker opens with prayer and explains
that the goal is hozho, not victory.
- headline: Each party speaks
description: >-
Each party tells their experience of the conflict and its impact,
listened to without interruption. Relatives may also speak to the
context.
- headline: Identify the harm to hozho
description: >-
The peacemaker guides the group to name how harmony has been broken —
in relationship, in community, in the individual's balance.
- headline: Plan restoration
description: >-
Together the group agrees on what is needed to restore hozho —
apology, restitution, changed behaviour, ceremony, or counselling.
- headline: Follow up
description: >-
A follow-up is scheduled to confirm the plan has been carried out and
hozho restored.
outcome: >-
Conflict is resolved by restoring harmony and relationship, not by
assigning punishment; the parties re-enter right relationship with
community.
practice: >-
The peacemaker is not a judge — they guide, not decide. The plan must be
owned by the parties. Ceremony is not optional decoration; it is part of
restoration.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
id: nonviolent-communication-feelings-needs
title: NVC Feelings and Needs Dialogue
description: >-
The second and third steps of Marshall Rosenberg's Nonviolent
Communication — identifying feelings and the underlying needs that drive
them. Used to move from observation to connection without blame.
source: Center for Nonviolent Communication
source_url: https://www.cnvc.org/
tags: [nvc, communication, feelings, needs, conflict]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Name the feeling
description: >-
The speaker identifies and names what they feel in response to the
observation: "I felt hurt and anxious..." rather than "I felt you
were wrong."
- headline: Name the need
description: >-
The speaker identifies the need underlying the feeling, not the
other person's behaviour: "...because I have a need for respect and
for predictability in our agreements."
- headline: Check the need
description: >-
The listener reflects the need back and asks if they have understood,
without agreeing or disagreeing.
- headline: Repeat for the other
description: >-
The other person now identifies their own feelings and needs in the
same form, building a shared picture of what each is needing.
outcome: >-
Both parties articulate the needs at stake, moving from positions to the
universal needs that can be met in many ways.
practice: >-
Feelings are not judgements — "I feel ignored" is often a thought about
the other. "I feel lonely" is a feeling. Needs are universal —
"respect," "safety," "contribution" — not strategies.
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
id: nonviolent-communication-observation
title: NVC Observation Step
description: >-
The first step of Marshall Rosenberg's Nonviolent Communication — stating
an observation free of evaluation, blame, or interpretation. Rooted in
Rosenberg's work in mediation and peace education.
source: Center for Nonviolent Communication
source_url: https://www.cnvc.org/
tags: [nvc, communication, conflict, listening]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Identify the stimulus
description: >-
Before speaking, the person identifies the specific thing they observed
— what they saw or heard, separate from any judgement about it.
- headline: State without evaluation
description: >-
They articulate the observation as a factual statement: "When I saw the
dishes left on the table after dinner..." rather than "When you were
inconsiderate..."
- headline: Invite confirmation
description: >-
The speaker can invite the other person's view of the same observation,
allowing shared ground before moving to feelings and needs.
outcome: >-
The conversation begins from a shared, non-judgemental description rather
than from accusation, reducing defensiveness.
practice: >-
Practice distinguishing observation from evaluation — "you were late" is
often an evaluation. "We agreed to meet at seven; you arrived at seven
twenty" is an observation.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
id: nonviolent-communication-request
title: NVC Request Step
description: >-
The fourth step of Marshall Rosenberg's Nonviolent Communication — making
a clear, actionable request rather than a demand. Used after observation,
feelings, and needs have been shared.
source: Center for Nonviolent Communication
source_url: https://www.cnvc.org/
tags: [nvc, communication, request, conflict]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Form a concrete request
description: >-
The speaker makes a specific, doable request: "Would you be willing
to check in with me before changing our shared deadline?" rather than
"I want you to be more considerate."
- headline: Phrase as a question
description: >-
The request is phrased as a question the other can answer with no,
without punishment. A request is not a demand.
- headline: Receive the answer
description: >-
The speaker receives the answer — yes, no, or counter — without
withdrawing empathy or imposing consequence. A "no" is information
about the other's needs, not a rejection.
- headline: Continue the dialogue
description: >-
If the answer is no, the speaker returns to the other's feelings and
needs, exploring what need the "no" is meeting.
outcome: >-
A clear request is made that the other can freely accept or refuse,
keeping the dialogue in connection rather than coercion.
practice: >-
If a "no" leads to punishment or guilt, the request was a demand. Test
yourself: would you still respect a "no"? If not, you are not yet making
a request.
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
id: norwegian-folk-high-school-livsfrase
title: Folk High School Life Phrase Sharing
description: >-
A practice from the Scandinavian folk high school tradition where students
share a personal "life phrase" — a statement of where they are in life —
at the opening of a term. Folk high schools, originating in 19th-century
Denmark and spread across the Nordic countries, emphasise dialogue and
civic formation.
source: Nordic Folk High School tradition / N.F.S. Grundtvig
source_url: https://www.folkhogskola.nu/
tags: [nordic, education, check-in, dialogue]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Each student prepares
description: >-
Before the term opens, each student reflects on and writes a short
phrase describing where they are in life — their current question or
longing.
- headline: Share in circle
description: >-
In an opening circle, each student reads their life phrase aloud. The
group listens without comment or question.
- headline: Hold the phrases
description: >-
The phrases are held by the group as a portrait of where the cohort
is. They may be revisited at term's end to notice change.
outcome: >-
The cohort begins with mutual awareness of each person's life context,
building the trust that folk pedagogy depends on.
practice: >-
Resist discussion after each phrase — the form is witness, not dialogue.
The phrases become a reference point; returning to them at term's end is
powerful.
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id: ohlone-bay-area-land-back
title: Ohlone Land Back Rematriation Gathering
description: >-
A practice of the Sogorea Te' Land Trust and East Bay Ohlone communities
in which land is returned to Indigenous stewardship through a
community-led process of rematriation, gathering, and ceremony. Sogorea
Te' is a women-led urban Indigenous land trust in the San Francisco Bay
Area.
source: Sogorea Te' Land Trust / Corinna Gould and Johnella LaRose
source_url: https://www.sogoreate.org/
tags: [ohlone, land-back, rematriation, indigenous, bay-area]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Receive the land
description: >-
A piece of land is returned to the land trust by a current owner,
through gift, purchase, or cultural easement. The return is marked
as rematriation, not real estate.
- headline: Gather the community
description: >-
Ohlone community members and allies gather on the land. An elder
opens with prayer and acknowledges the ancestors and the land's
history.
- headline: Ceremony of return
description: >-
A ceremony marks the land's return to Indigenous stewardship. Song,
prayer, and the presence of the community affirm the return.
- headline: Name the stewardship
description: >-
The trust names how the land will be stewarded — for ceremony, for
food, for housing, for restoration — with the community's input.
- headline: Commit to ongoing care
description: >-
The community commits to ongoing care of the land, with work days and
gatherings scheduled. The return is the beginning, not the end.
outcome: >-
Land is returned to Indigenous stewardship, marked with ceremony, and
committed to ongoing care by the community.
practice: >-
Rematriation is not a transfer of title — it is a return of
relationship. If you are not Ohlone, follow Ohlone lead. The ceremony
is not symbolic; it is the making of the return.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
id: ohlone-ceremonial-talking-stick
title: Ohlone Talking Stick Circle
description: >-
A California Native practice of passing a ceremonial talking stick in
council so each person speaks once, fully, before any reply. Practised
among Ohlone and many California Indian nations for council decisions and
peacemaking.
source: Ohlone and California Indian traditional practice
source_url: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/
tags: [ohlone, california-native, talking-stick, council, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene in circle
description: >-
The council convenes in a circle, often outdoors. The elder opens with
a prayer or words of grounding and places the talking stick in the
centre.
- headline: Lift the stick to speak
description: >-
Whoever wishes to speak lifts the stick; only the holder speaks. The
circle listens without interruption or facial judgement.
- headline: Return the stick
description: >-
When complete, the holder returns the stick to the centre. Another may
lift it. No one speaks twice until all who wish have spoken once.
- headline: Elder closes
description: >-
When the matter is settled or the time complete, the elder closes with
thanks and any decision is voiced.
outcome: >-
Decisions or understandings emerge with every voice honoured, in a form
that resists dominance by the loudest.
practice: >-
The "speak once before any speaks twice" rule is the discipline. It
prevents reactive debate and lets each contribution be fully received.
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id: ohlone-shellmound-walk
title: Ohlone Shellmound Walk of Remembrance
description: >-
A California Native Ohlone practice of walking to and gathering at
shellmound sites — sacred burial and village sites — to remember the
ancestors and affirm ongoing presence. Many shellmounds in the Bay Area
have been built over; the walk reclaims relationship with the land.
source: Ohlone and Muwekma Ohlone tradition
source_url: https://www.muwekma.org/
tags: [ohlone, california-native, remembrance, land, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Gather at a starting point
description: >-
Ohlone community members and allies gather at a starting point, often
a site where a shellmound once stood or has been built over. An elder
opens with prayer.
- headline: Walk to the shellmound
description: >-
The group walks together to the shellmound site, in silence or with
prayer, marking the land with their presence and movement.
- headline: Gather and remember
description: >-
At the shellmound, the group gathers. Speakers share the history of
the site, the ancestors buried there, and the ongoing Ohlone
presence that has not been erased.
- headline: Offer prayer and song
description: >-
The group offers prayer and song to the ancestors and the land. The
offering is made as relationship, not performance.
- headline: Commit to protection
description: >-
The gathering closes with a commitment to protect the site and the
Ohlone's ongoing relationship to it, often with specific actions
named.
outcome: >-
A shellmound site is remembered and honoured; Ohlone presence is
affirmed; commitments to protection are made.
practice: >-
The walk is not symbolic tourism. It is reclamation of relationship. If
you are not Ohlone, follow Ohlone lead and do not centre yourself.
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id: ojibwe-pipe-ceremony
title: Ojibwe Pipe Ceremony
description: >-
An Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) ceremony in which a sacred pipe is passed and
smoked or held with prayer, marking a solemn occasion or opening a
council. Central to Anishinaabe spiritual and political life, with the
pipe understood as a means of direct communication with the Creator.
source: Anishinaabe traditional practice
source_url: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/
tags: [ojibwe, anishinaabe, pipe-ceremony, indigenous, ceremony]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Prepare the pipe
description: >-
The pipe carrier prepares the pipe with intention, loading the sacred
tobacco in a prescribed manner. The preparation itself is prayer.
- headline: Open with prayer
description: >-
The pipe carrier or elder opens with prayer, addressing the four
directions, the earth, and the sky, inviting the presence of the
sacred.
- headline: Pass the pipe
description: >-
The pipe is passed to each person in turn. Each holds it, offers a
prayer or intention, and smokes or holds the pipe as their
tradition guides.
- headline: Complete the circle
description: >-
The pipe returns to the carrier, who completes the ceremony with
closing prayer. The pipe is then cared for in a prescribed way.
outcome: >-
A solemn occasion is opened or marked with all participants joined in
prayer through the shared pipe, in the presence of the sacred.
practice: >-
The pipe is sacred and handled with prescribed care. Those unfamiliar
should follow the pipe carrier's guidance. The ceremony is not
symbolic — it is real communication with the sacred.
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id: open-agile-roadmap
title: Open Agile Roadmap Planning
description: >-
A collaborative planning method where a team builds a visual roadmap by
placing stories on a timeline together, negotiating dependencies and
priorities in real time. Used in Agile and Lean software teams as a
alternative to top-down roadmap assignment.
source: Agile planning tradition / Mike Cohn, "Agile Estimating and Planning"
source_url: https://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/
tags: [agile, roadmap, planning, collaboration, teams]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Lay out the timeline
description: >-
A long wall or board is laid out with a time axis — quarters or
months. The team gathers around it with story cards ready.
- headline: Place stories together
description: >-
Each team member places stories they believe belong on the roadmap,
explaining the placement. Others may move them, with discussion.
- headline: Negotiate dependencies
description: >-
The team draws dependency arrows between stories, surfacing what
must come before what. Conflicts are resolved in the open.
- headline: Mark priorities and risks
description: >-
The team marks the highest-priority stories and the highest-risk
ones, so the roadmap shows not only sequence but attention.
- headline: Photograph and commit
description: >-
The roadmap is photographed and recorded. The team commits to it as
a living plan, revisiting it each iteration.
outcome: >-
A shared roadmap that all participants shaped, with dependencies and
priorities visible, owned by the team rather than handed down.
practice: >-
The physical placement is the point — people who place cards themselves
commit to them more than those who receive a slide. Revisit it; a
roadmap that does not change is not being used.
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id: open-space-technology
title: Open Space Technology
description: >-
A self-organising conference method where participants create their own
agenda in real time. Developed by Harrison Owen, inspired partly by Owen's
experience of African village gatherings.
source: Harrison Owen, "Open Space Technology"
source_url: https://openspaceworld.org/
tags: [open-space, unconference, self-organising, large-group]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open the circle
description: >-
The convenor opens with a theme, then invites anyone who cares about a
specific aspect to come to the centre, write a topic, and announce it.
- headline: Post the marketplace
description: >-
Topics are posted on a wall grid of times and rooms, forming the
agenda. Participants sign up for sessions they will attend.
- headline: Hold sessions
description: >-
Sessions run in parallel, self-facilitated by their proposers. Notes
are captured and shared, often in a book of proceedings.
- headline: Convene closing circle
description: >-
All participants gather in a closing circle; anyone may share one
reflection, insight, or commitment from the day.
outcome: >-
A full agenda emerges from the participants' actual interests; energy
flows to the topics people care most about.
practice: >-
Honour the four principles — whoever comes is the right people, whenever
it starts is the right time, whatever happens is the only thing that
could, and when it's over it's over. And the law of two feet.
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
id: pair-programming-driver-navigator
title: Pair Programming Driver-Navigator
description: >-
A software development practice where two programmers work at one
keyboard, switching between the "driver" who types and the "navigator"
who reviews in real time. Originating in Extreme Programming (XP),
formalised by Kent Beck.
source: Kent Beck, "Extreme Programming Explained"
source_url: https://www.agilealliance.org/
tags: [pair-programming, xp, software, collaboration, agile]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Assign roles
description: >-
The pair decides who will drive (type, focus on the immediate code)
and who will navigate (review, think ahead, raise concerns). Only
the driver types.
- headline: Work the task together
description: >-
The pair works the task, talking continuously. The navigator
questions and suggests; the driver implements and explains what they
are doing.
- headline: Switch on a timer
description: >-
The pair switches roles at a fixed interval — often 25 minutes — or
at natural breakpoints, so both drive and both navigate.
- headline: Negotiate the approach
description: >-
When the pair disagrees on approach, they discuss until they reach a
shared way forward. If they cannot, they may test both approaches
briefly and choose.
- headline: Commit together
description: >-
The pair commits the code together, with both names on the commit.
The work is owned by both.
outcome: >-
Code is produced with continuous review and shared understanding, owned
by both programmers, with knowledge transfer built in.
practice: >-
The timer-driven switch is what keeps it from becoming one person
watching another type. If the navigator goes silent, the pair has
broken — name it and re-engage.
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id: paired-walking-listening
title: Paired Walking Listening
description: >-
A practice where two people walk together while one speaks and the other
listens, then swap, using movement and side-by-side orientation to ease
difficult or intimate conversation. Used in coaching, restorative work,
and men's and women's circles.
source: Common coaching and restorative practice / Animas Center for Coaching
source_url: https://www.animascenter.org/
tags: [walking, listening, coaching, paired, dialogue]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set the time
description: >-
The pair agrees on a total time and splits it — typically ten
minutes each way — and decides who speaks first.
- headline: Walk and speak
description: >-
The pair walks together, side by side. The speaker talks about what
is alive for them; the listener gives full attention without
speaking, interruption, or advice.
- headline: Swap
description: >-
At the midpoint, the pair swaps. The listener now speaks; the former
speaker now listens, with the same discipline.
- headline: Close together
description: >-
At the end, the pair pauses to acknowledge what was shared. There is
no debrief unless both want one.
outcome: >-
Each person has spoken and been heard on something that matters, with
movement and side-by-side orientation lowering the intensity of
face-to-face.
practice: >-
The side-by-side orientation is the point — it removes the confrontation
of face-to-face. The listener does not speak. If you cannot hold that,
name it and try again.
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id: palaver-tree
title: West African Palaver Tree
description: >-
A West African practice of gathering under a designated tree to discuss
and resolve community disputes through extended deliberation. Found across
many West African societies, including Igbo, Yoruba, and Mande traditions.
source: African Palaver tradition / Igbo and Yoruba governance
source_url: https://www.britannica.com/
tags: [west-african, palaver, dispute, governance, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Gather under the tree
description: >-
Elders and concerned parties gather at the palaver tree — a known
public meeting place. The aggrieved party states the matter.
- headline: All voices heard
description: >-
Each affected party speaks in turn, including those indirectly
affected. Elders listen without interrupting.
- headline: Elders deliberate
description: >-
Elders retire, discuss among themselves, and seek a resolution that
restores relationship rather than merely assigns fault.
- headline: Pronounce and seal
description: >-
The elders pronounce a resolution before the gathered community. A
shared meal or drink often seals the agreement.
outcome: >-
A dispute is resolved publicly with all voices heard; the resolution
restores community harmony, not just legal right.
practice: >-
The tree is not incidental — gathering in a known, neutral, public place
signals that this is community business, not private quarrel. Do not
rush the elders' deliberation.
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id: passing-circle
title: Passing Circle
description: >-
A round in which each person has the explicit option to "pass" — to say
nothing — without explanation or penalty. Used in check-ins and
sensitive discussions to preserve voluntary participation. Common in
peer support, restorative, and feminist consciousness-raising circles.
source: Common circle practice / feminist consciousness-raising tradition
source_url: https://www.cwluherstory.org/
tags: [circle, passing, consent, check-in]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Name the option to pass
description: >-
The facilitator explicitly names at the start that anyone may pass
when their turn comes, and that passing is not a statement.
- headline: Go around
description: >-
Each person in turn speaks or says "pass." The facilitator does not
ask why, nor treat passing differently from speaking.
- headline: Offer a second round
description: >-
After the first round, the facilitator offers a second, so anyone who
passed may speak if they now wish. No obligation.
- headline: Close
description: >-
The round closes when all who wish to speak have spoken. Passing is
not tracked or revisited unless the person offers.
outcome: >-
Each person participates at the level they choose, with voluntary speech
preserved even in sensitive contexts.
practice: >-
The option to pass must be real, not theoretical. If passing attracts
attention or concern, people will speak to avoid notice, and the form is
lost.
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id: permaculture-design-charrette
title: Permaculture Design Charrette
description: >-
A collaborative design process where a group produces a site design in an
intensive, time-bounded session, drawing on permaculture ethics of
earth care, people care, and fair share. Originating in the permaculture
movement founded by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren in Australia.
source: Permaculture movement / Bill Mollison and David Holmgren
source_url: https://www.permaculture.org.uk/
tags: [permaculture, design, collaboration, environmental]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Survey the site and people
description: >-
The group walks the site together, observing contours, water, sun,
existing vegetation, and use patterns. They also survey the needs
and capacities of the people who will use it.
- headline: Identify functions and elements
description: >-
The group lists the functions the design must serve — food, water,
shelter, habitat — and the elements that could meet them.
- headline: Place elements for beneficial relationships
description: >-
Working on a shared map, the group places each element where it
creates beneficial relationships with others — chickens near the
garden, water tanks above the irrigation point.
- headline: Present and critique
description: >-
Subgroups present their proposed placements; the whole group critiques
for missed relationships and unmet needs, iterating the design.
- headline: Record the design
description: >-
The final design is recorded on a shared map with a written rationale
for each placement, and next steps are assigned.
outcome: >-
A site design is produced that integrates human and ecological needs
through the placement of elements in beneficial relationship.
practice: >-
The site walk is not optional — design without observation produces
inappropriate designs. Let the land and its patterns lead, not the
designer's preferences.
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id: peruvian-ayni-minga
title: Andean Ayni and Minga Reciprocal Labour
description: >-
A Quechua and Aymara practice of reciprocal collective labour, where
community members take turns working each other's fields or projects with
no money exchanged. Originating in Andean communities of Peru, Bolivia,
and Ecuador, ayni is bilateral reciprocity and minga is collective work
for a common good.
source: Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo de los Pueblos Andinos Amazónicos y Afroperuanos (INDEPA)
source_url: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/indepa
tags: [andean, reciprocity, mutual-aid, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Identify the need
description: >-
A household or community body names a task that exceeds one family's
capacity — a harvest, a roof, a irrigation canal repair.
- headline: Call the ayni or minga
description: >-
The host calls on neighbours and kin to gather on a set day. The
expectation is reciprocal: those who come today will be helped
tomorrow.
- headline: Work together
description: >-
The group works the full day together, with the host providing food,
drink (often chicha), and coca. Work is accompanied by song and shared
rhythm.
- headline: Acknowledge the debt
description: >-
The host publicly acknowledges the contribution; a tally is kept in
memory, not on paper. Each helper has earned a future call.
outcome: >-
A task too large for one household is completed; reciprocal obligations
are created and honoured, strengthening community bonds.
practice: >-
Ayni breaks down when helpers do not receive reciprocal help. The system
depends on memory and mutual obligation; do not let ayni become unpaid
labour for those who never call their own.
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id: peruvian-ronda-campesina
title: Peruvian Ronda Campesina Patrol
description: >-
A peasant patrol and justice practice from northern Peru in which
community members take turns patrolling and resolving disputes, with no
state police involvement. The rondas campesinas emerged in the 1970s in
Cajamarca and are recognised under Peruvian law as a form of indigenous
justice.
source: Rondas Campesinas / Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL)
source_url: https://www.idl.org.pe/
tags: [peruvian, rondas, indigenous-justice, patrol, andes]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Organise the rotation
description: >-
The community organises a rotating patrol (ronda) in which all
adult male members take turns, with no permanent police. Each
night's patrol is drawn from a different sector.
- headline: Patrol the community
description: >-
The night's ronda patrols the community, deterring livestock theft
and responding to disturbances. They report at dawn to the
rondal and the community.
- headline: Receive disputes
description: >-
The rondal and senior members receive disputes brought by community
members — theft, boundary conflicts, domestic disputes — and convene
a hearing.
- headline: Hear and resolve
description: >-
Both parties are heard. The ronda facilitates a resolution oriented
to repair — restitution, apology, community service — rather than
punishment. Decisions are public.
- headline: Enforce collectively
description: >-
The community collectively enforces the resolution. There is no
separate enforcement body; the ronda's authority rests on communal
participation.
outcome: >-
Community security and dispute resolution are maintained through
rotating participation, with justice oriented to repair and enforced
collectively.
practice: >-
The rotation is what makes the ronda legitimate — no one is police over
another. The form depends on universal participation; if some never
serve, it becomes a private force.
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id: polynesian-talanoa
title: Talanoa Dialogue
description: >-
A Pacific Islander practice of inclusive, transparent dialogue without a
rigid agenda, used for storytelling, decision-making, and reconciliation.
Originating in Fijian, Tongan, and Samoan traditions, talanoa was
formally adopted as the dialogue mode for the UN climate Talanoa
Dialogue.
source: Fijian and Pacific Islander tradition / UNFCCC Talanoa Dialogue
source_url: https://unfccc.int/topics/talanoa-dialogue
tags: [pacific-islander, talanoa, dialogue, climate, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open with relationship
description: >-
The talanoa opens with participants sharing who they are and their
connection to the matter, building relationship before business.
- headline: Speak without hierarchy
description: >-
All participants speak as equals; there is no rigid turn order or
precedence by rank. Stories, analysis, and feelings all belong.
- headline: Stay transparent
description: >-
Participants speak openly, avoiding hidden agendas. The talanoa is
built on the premise that transparency builds trust.
- headline: Seek the collective good
description: >-
The dialogue moves toward what serves the collective — the
community or the common challenge — rather than individual position.
- headline: Close with shared understanding
description: >-
The talanoa closes when a shared understanding or direction has
emerged, summarised collectively.
outcome: >-
A shared understanding emerges through inclusive, transparent dialogue
that honours relationship as much as outcome.
practice: >-
Talanoa is not a debate to be won. If it becomes positional, it has
broken. The host holds the relational tone, not the conclusion.
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id: pro-action-cafe
title: Pro-Action Cafe
description: >-
A structured cafe-style method where participants bring projects or
questions they want help with and rotate through tables receiving input
from different groups. Developed within the Art of Hosting community as a
bridge from conversation to action.
source: Art of Hosting Conversations That Matter
source_url: https://artofhosting.org/
tags: [pro-action-cafe, art-of-hosting, projects, consultation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Call for hosts with questions
description: >-
Three or four participants volunteer as table hosts, each bringing a
real project or question they want input on. Each hosts one table
for the whole session.
- headline: First round — clarification
description: >-
Guests join a table. The host presents the question; guests ask
clarifying questions only, helping the host sharpen what they are
really asking.
- headline: Second round — wisdom
description: >-
Guests rotate to a new table. The host shares the clarified question
and what emerged; the new guests offer insights, experience, and
perspectives.
- headline: Third round — action
description: >-
Guests rotate again. The host now shares the clarified question and
accumulated wisdom; guests help identify concrete next steps and
commitments.
- headline: Harvest
description: >-
Table hosts share with the whole group what they received and what
they will do next. The harvest is recorded for all.
outcome: >-
Each host leaves with a clarified question, pooled wisdom, and concrete
next steps, drawn from three rounds of diverse input.
practice: >-
The rounds build — clarification, then wisdom, then action. If guests
jump to advice in round one, the question stays fuzzy. The host holds
the thread across all three rounds.
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id: quaker-clearness-committee
title: Quaker Clearness Committee
description: >-
A Quaker practice for discerning a personal decision through a small
committee that asks honest questions rather than offering advice. Originating
in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in the 17th century.
source: Parker J. Palmer, "A Hidden Wholeness"
source_url: https://www.couragerenew.org/clearness-committee/
tags: [quaker, discernment, listening, decision-making]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Form the committee
description: >-
The focus person invites five or six trusted people to serve as a
committee for a two-hour meeting devoted to a specific question or
decision they face.
- headline: Share the question
description: >-
The focus person reads a short written statement describing the issue
and the context, without seeking advice.
- headline: Ask only questions
description: >-
Committee members ask honest, open questions — no advice, no leading
questions, no stories from their own life. The focus person may decline
to answer any question.
- headline: Silence between questions
description: >-
After each question and response, the group sits in silence to let the
answer settle before the next question is posed.
- headline: Close with reflection
description: >-
In the final twenty minutes the committee offers any observations, and
the focus person reflects on what has emerged.
outcome: >-
The focus person gains clarity about their own discernment without being
steered by others' opinions or agendas.
practice: >-
The discipline of questions-only is the hardest part. If someone slips into
advice, the clerk gently interrupts. Prepare a written statement in advance;
the act of writing often begins the clarity.
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
id: quaker-clearness-for-membership
title: Quaker Clearness for Membership
description: >-
A Quaker process where a small committee meets with a person seeking
membership in the meeting to discern their leading and readiness. A
specific application of the clearness committee practice to membership
in the Religious Society of Friends.
source: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, "Faith and Practice"
source_url: https://www.pym.org/
tags: [quaker, membership, clearness, discernment]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Request clearness
description: >-
The applicant writes to the meeting requesting membership and shares
a written account of their spiritual journey and what draws them to
the meeting.
- headline: Appoint a clearness committee
description: >-
The meeting appoints a small committee of members to meet with the
applicant for discernment, not examination.
- headline: Meet in worship
description: >-
The committee and applicant meet in worship, asking honest questions
about the applicant's journey, understanding of Quaker practice, and
readiness for membership.
- headline: Report to meeting
description: >-
The committee reports to the monthly meeting whether clearness was
reached — that is, whether the applicant and committee discern unity
that membership is right at this time.
- headline: Meeting decides
description: >-
The monthly meeting acts on the report in its business meeting,
welcoming the new member or holding the matter for further
discernment.
outcome: >-
Membership is discerned communally rather than applied for and approved,
with both the applicant and the meeting clear about the step.
practice: >-
The committee is not a vetting panel. Its work is discernment with the
applicant, not examination of them. The written spiritual journey is
the substance; honour it.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
id: quaker-meeting-for-worship-with-attention-to-business
title: Quaker Meeting for Business
description: >-
A Quaker meeting for conducting business through worshipful listening and
discernment of the "sense of the meeting," without voting. Practised by
the Religious Society of Friends since the 17th century.
source: Britain Yearly Meeting, "Quaker Faith and Practice"
source_url: https://www.quaker.org.uk/
tags: [quaker, business, discernment, consensus]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Settle into worship
description: >-
The meeting opens with silence, settling the group into a worshipful
state before any business is conducted.
- headline: Present the matter
description: >-
The clerk introduces the item with relevant facts and any minute from
a prior meeting, then pauses for reflection.
- headline: Speak as led
description: >-
Participants rise to speak only as they feel led by the Spirit,
one at a time, with pauses between contributions.
- headline: Discern the sense
description: >-
The clerk listens for the emerging "sense of the meeting" and drafts a
minute reflecting it, reading it back for the meeting's unity.
- headline: Record the minute
description: >-
When the meeting unites on the minute, it is recorded. If unity is not
reached, the matter is held over or laid aside.
outcome: >-
A decision is recorded that the meeting can unite behind, reached through
worshipful discernment rather than majority rule.
practice: >-
The clerk serves, not leads — drafting the minute is the work of
discernment. If two strongly held positions remain, the clerk lays the
matter down rather than forcing a vote.
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id: quaker-meeting-for-worship
title: Quaker Meeting for Worship
description: >-
A Quaker silent worship practice in which participants gather in
expectant silence, speaking only when moved by the Spirit. Originating in
17th-century England with the Religious Society of Friends.
source: Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
source_url: https://www.quaker.org.uk/
tags: [quaker, worship, silence, contemplation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Settle into silence
description: >-
The meeting begins as participants enter and settle into silence
without a leader or liturgy. There is no programme or hymn.
- headline: Speak as led
description: >-
Anyone who feels moved by the Spirit may rise and speak a brief
message. After each message, the group returns to silence.
- headline: Hold the silence
description: >-
The meeting may pass entirely in silence, or include several messages.
Silence is not emptiness but worship.
- headline: Close with handshakes
description: >-
After about an hour, an elder turns to a neighbour and shakes hands,
signalling the close. All exchange handshakes.
outcome: >-
Participants experience communal worship through silence and any spoken
ministry that arises, without liturgy or hierarchy.
practice: >-
The discipline is the silence — do not fill it. If you speak, stand and
speak briefly; do not debate or reply to another's message. Let the
silence hold what is said.
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id: radical-candor
title: Radical Candor Feedback
description: >-
A feedback practice that combines caring personally with challenging
directly, avoiding the pitfalls of ruinous empathy and obnoxious
aggression. Developed by Kim Scott based on her experience at Google and
Apple.
source: Kim Scott, "Radical Candor"
source_url: https://www.radicalcandor.com/
tags: [feedback, workplace, communication, management]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Care personally
description: >-
The giver establishes that they care about the receiver as a person —
not just as a performer — through prior relationship and genuine
attention.
- headline: Challenge directly
description: >-
The giver states the challenge or criticism clearly and specifically,
without softening it into vagueness or padding it with praise.
- headline: Invite reciprocation
description: >-
The giver invites the receiver to challenge them back, opening the
feedback to be two-way rather than hierarchical.
- headline: Commit to action
description: >-
Both parties agree on what will change and how progress will be
checked.
outcome: >-
The receiver hears a clear challenge from someone who demonstrably cares,
making the feedback both heard and actionable.
practice: >-
Without the caring, direct challenge becomes aggression. Without the
challenge, caring becomes toothless empathy. Both must be present. Build
the relationship before delivering hard feedback.
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id: restorative-conference
title: Restorative Conference
description: >-
A structured meeting bringing together those harmed, those who caused harm,
and affected community members to address what happened and what is needed
to repair it. Rooted in restorative justice traditions from Maori and
Indigenous practices and widely adapted in criminal justice and schools.
source: International Institute for Restorative Practices
source_url: https://www.iirp.edu/
tags: [restorative, justice, repair, conflict]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Prepare participants
description: >-
A facilitator meets separately with those harmed, those who caused
harm, and supporters of each, to explain the process and confirm
willingness to participate.
- headline: Tell what happened
description: >-
The person who caused harm describes what they did and what they were
thinking at the time. Those harmed describe the impact on them.
- headline: Identify the harm
description: >-
Together the group names who was affected and how — including family,
friends, and the wider community.
- headline: Build an agreement
description: >-
Participants propose what is needed to repair the harm — apologies,
restitution, behaviour change, support — and agree on specifics.
- headline: Follow up
description: >-
A follow-up meeting checks whether the agreement has been kept and
whether further repair is needed.
outcome: >-
Those harmed are heard; those who caused harm take responsibility; an
agreed repair plan is created and reviewed.
practice: >-
Preparation is most of the work. Never convene a conference without
individual meetings first. The facilitator holds the process, not the
outcome.
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id: roca-circle-restorative
title: ROCA Circle Restorative Practice
description: >-
A circle-based restorative practice used by ROCA, a youth intervention
organisation in Massachusetts, to help young people address conflict and
change behaviour through relational connection rather than punishment.
Drawing on restorative and Indigenous circle traditions.
source: ROCA Inc.
source_url: https://www.rocainc.org/
tags: [restorative, youth, circle, intervention, usa]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the circle
description: >-
A youth worker convenes a circle with the young person and those
affected — family, peers, community. The circle opens with
guidelines: speak honestly, listen, no blame.
- headline: Share what happened
description: >-
Each person shares what happened from their view and the impact on
them. The young person hears the impact directly, not second-hand.
- headline: Identify what is needed
description: >-
The circle identifies what the young person needs — support,
skills, connection — and what those affected need to feel safe.
- headline: Build a plan
description: >-
Together the circle builds a plan: what the young person will do,
what support the youth worker will provide, what the community will
offer. The plan is specific and time-bound.
- headline: Follow up in circle
description: >-
The circle reconvenes to check progress. Success is measured by
changed behaviour and relationship, not by completion of a sanction.
outcome: >-
A young person moves toward changed behaviour through relational
connection, with the community invested in their path rather than
punishing from outside.
practice: >-
ROCA's evidence base shows that persistent relationship, not sanction,
drives change. The youth worker's presence in the young person's life
is the intervention, not just the circle.
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id: sikhs-langer
title: Sikh Langar Free Kitchen
description: >-
A Sikh practice of preparing and serving a free communal meal to all who
come, regardless of caste, religion, or status, and eating it together
seated on the same level. Originating with Guru Nanak in the 15th century
and central to every gurdwara.
source: Sikh tradition / Sri Guru Granth Sahib
source_url: https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Langar
tags: [sikh, langar, food, equality, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Prepare the meal
description: >-
Volunteers (sevadars) prepare a simple vegetarian meal — roti, dal,
vegetables — in the gurdwara kitchen. All food is vegetarian so all
can eat.
- headline: Serve to all
description: >-
Servers offer the meal to each person who comes, regardless of
background, caste, or faith. No one is turned away.
- headline: Sit on the same level
description: >-
All eat together seated on the floor in rows, at the same level. The
equality of the seating is the point — no one sits above another.
- headline: Clean together
description: >-
Volunteers and guests clean the hall, wash dishes, and restore the
space. Seva (voluntary service) continues through cleanup.
- headline: Renew the practice
description: >-
Langar is prepared daily in active gurdwaras; the practice renews
itself each day, funded by the sangat (congregation) and served by
sevadars.
outcome: >-
All who come are fed equally, and the equality of shared food embodies
the Sikh principle that all are equal before the Divine.
practice: >-
The same-level seating is the practice — not just the free food. If
seating is reintroduced hierarchically, the langar is diminished.
Vegetarian food ensures all can share.
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id: six-thinking-hats
title: Six Thinking Hats
description: >-
A parallel thinking method where a group considers a topic from one
perspective at a time, signalled by six metaphorical "hats." Developed by
Edward de Bono.
source: Edward de Bono, "Six Thinking Hats"
source_url: https://www.edwdebono.com/
tags: [thinking, creativity, meetings, facilitation]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: White Hat — facts
description: >-
The group considers only information and facts: what is known, what is
missing, what data is needed.
- headline: Red Hat — feelings
description: >-
Each person expresses gut feelings and intuition, without needing to
justify them.
- headline: Black Hat — caution
description: >-
The group identifies risks, difficulties, and what could go wrong,
without being dismissed as negative.
- headline: Yellow Hat — benefits
description: >-
The group names the value, benefits, and optimistic possibilities of
the idea.
- headline: Green Hat — creativity
description: >-
The group generates alternatives, provocations, and new ideas without
critique.
- headline: Blue Hat — process
description: >-
The facilitator manages the sequence, summarises, and defines next
steps.
outcome: >-
The group explores a topic thoroughly without arguments tangling
perspectives; each mode gets its full attention.
practice: >-
Keep hat time short and clearly signposted. The hardest discipline is
staying in one hat — if black-hat thinking creeps into yellow-hat time,
name it and return.
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id: sociocratic-election
title: Sociocratic Election by Consent
description: >-
A sociocratic method for selecting people to roles through consent rather
than majority vote. Developed in the Netherlands by Gerard Endenburg from
earlier Quaker-influenced sociocratic work.
source: Sociocracy for All
source_url: https://www.sociocracyforall.org/
tags: [sociocracy, election, consent, governance]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Define the role
description: >-
The group defines the function, term, and tasks of the role to be
filled, written so all share the same understanding.
- headline: Nominate by discussion
description: >-
Members discuss who might fill the role, nominating others and
themselves, and explaining their reasoning for each suggestion.
- headline: Candidate consents
description: >-
The person proposed is asked whether they can serve; they may accept,
decline, or ask for changes to the role's scope or support.
- headline: Test for consent
description: >-
The facilitator asks whether anyone has a reasoned objection to the
candidate serving in the role. Objections are addressed until none
remain.
- headline: Confirm
description: >-
The election is confirmed by consent; the role definition and any
agreed changes are recorded.
outcome: >-
A person is selected to a role with the consent of the group and the
candidate, and the role itself has been clarified.
practice: >-
Nominations are not votes — discussion of why someone is suited is the
point. Allow the candidate to negotiate the role; elections that ignore
the candidate's consent produce poor results.
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id: socratic-seminar
title: Socratic Seminar
description: >-
A structured discussion of a text where participants ask and answer
questions to deepen collective understanding, using Socratic dialogue
methods. Named for the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates and formalised
in modern education by Mortimer Adler.
source: Mortimer Adler, "Paideia Proposal"
source_url: https://www.paideia.org/
tags: [socratic, seminar, education, dialogue]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Read the text closely
description: >-
All participants read a short text in advance, marking passages and
preparing one question they genuinely wonder about.
- headline: Open with a question
description: >-
The leader poses an opening question that has no single right answer
and invites the group into inquiry.
- headline: Refer to the text
description: >-
Participants respond, grounding their contributions in specific
passages: "On page three, the author says..." rather than free
association.
- headline: Ask follow-up questions
description: >-
The leader and participants ask follow-up questions that probe
assumptions and invite evidence, rather than offering opinions.
- headline: Close with reflection
description: >-
The seminar closes with each participant naming one idea that shifted
or deepened for them.
outcome: >-
The group reaches a deeper shared understanding of the text and the
questions it raises, through disciplined inquiry.
practice: >-
The leader asks, does not answer. If the leader becomes the expert, the
inquiry collapses into lecture. Ground every claim in the text.
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id: somali-xeer
title: Somali Xeer Customary Law Council
description: >-
A Somali customary law practice where elders of related clans convene to
adjudicate disputes through negotiated compensation rather than
punishment. Xeer is an ancient Somali unwritten legal system administered
by clan elders (nabaddoon).
source: Somali customary law tradition
source_url: https://www.jstor.org/
tags: [somali, xeer, customary-law, conflict, indigenous]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the elders
description: >-
A nabaddoon (peace elder) from the affected clans convenes a council.
Each party brings elders to represent them.
- headline: Establish the xeer applicable
description: >-
The council confirms which xeer (customary law) provisions apply to
the case, drawing on precedent specific to the clans and situation.
- headline: Hear each party
description: >-
Each side presents its account. The council questions and cross-checks
with witnesses, seeking agreement on the facts.
- headline: Negotiate compensation
description: >-
The council negotiates compensation (mag) to be paid by the offending
party to the aggrieved, restoring relationship rather than imposing
punishment.
- headline: Pronounce and seal
description: >-
The elders pronounce the settlement; it is sealed with a shared meal
and acknowledged by both clans, binding them to peace.
outcome: >-
A dispute is resolved through negotiated compensation that restores
relationship between clans, with both bound to the outcome.
practice: >-
Xeer is restorative, not punitive. The compensation is not a fine to the
state but a transfer that repairs relationship. The shared meal seals
the peace.
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id: stand-up-meeting
title: Daily Stand-Up
description: >-
A short daily team sync in which each member states what they did, what
they will do, and what is blocking them. Originating in Scrum and Agile
software development, derived partly from Toyota's morning meetings
(chorei).
source: Scrum Guide / Agile Alliance
source_url: https://www.agilealliance.org/
tags: [agile, standup, teams, sync]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Gather standing
description: >-
The team gathers standing, at the same time and place each day, around
the team's visible work board. Standing signals brevity.
- headline: Each person reports
description: >-
Each member states three things: what I did since last stand-up, what
I will do by next stand-up, and what is blocking me.
- headline: Park discussions
description: >-
Any topic requiring more than a minute is "parked" for a separate
conversation after the stand-up, with those involved.
- headline: Confirm blockers
description: >-
The facilitator confirms who will address each blocker and by when,
and the stand-up closes.
outcome: >-
The team synchronises daily on progress and impediments in under fifteen
minutes, with blockers surfaced and owned.
practice: >-
Keep it under fifteen minutes. The stand-up is not problem-solving —
park everything that is not a status report. Face each other, not the
manager.
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id: talking-circle
title: Talking Circle
description: >-
A circle process where a talking piece is passed so each person speaks in
turn without interruption. Rooted in Indigenous North American traditions
and widely adapted for restorative and dialogue work.
source: Kay Pranis, "The Little Book of Circle Processes"
source_url: https://goodbooks.com/the-little-book-of-circle-processes/
tags: [circle, indigenous, listening, restorative]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Open the circle
description: >-
A keeper opens by explaining the guidelines: speak only when holding the
talking piece, listen deeply, speak from the heart, and respect all
voices equally.
- headline: Pass the talking piece
description: >-
The keeper passes the piece to one side; each person speaks when they
receive it and then passes it on. Anyone may pass.
- headline: Honour silence
description: >-
When the talking piece returns, it may be placed in the centre. Silence
is welcomed; the piece can be picked up by whoever is next ready to
speak.
- headline: Close the circle
description: >-
The keeper formally closes, often with a brief reading or a moment of
silence, acknowledging what was shared.
outcome: >-
Participants experience equitable voice and deeper listening; the circle
builds a sense of shared community and safety.
practice: >-
Choose a talking piece with meaning. The keeper keeps the circle safe but
does not direct content. Allow enough time — circles move slowly by design.
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id: tibetan-bod-kyi-gtam
title: Tibetan Bod Kyi Gtam Story Council
description: >-
A Tibetan practice of using narrative (gtam) in council and teaching to
convey ethical and practical wisdom, where an elder tells a story whose
meaning the listeners draw out themselves. Rooted in Tibetan Buddhist
and folk traditions of teaching through narrative rather than
proposition.
source: Tibetan narrative tradition / Tibetan Buddhist teaching
source_url: https://www.tibetology.net/
tags: [tibetan, story, council, narrative, buddhist]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene for the story
description: >-
The elder or teacher convenes the group — a family, a council, a
class — and announces that a story will be told. The listeners
settle.
- headline: Tell the story
description: >-
The elder tells the story without explaining its meaning. The
narrative is left to work on the listeners; the teller does not
moralise.
- headline: Sit with the story
description: >-
After the telling, the group sits in silence. Listeners let the story
settle; they do not immediately analyse or extract a lesson.
- headline: Invite reflections
description: >-
The elder invites reflections — what the story brought up, what it
asked. Listeners speak from their own encounter with the narrative,
not to agree on a single meaning.
- headline: Close without resolution
description: >-
The gathering closes without a forced resolution. The story is left
to continue working; its meaning is not pinned.
outcome: >-
The group receives wisdom through narrative that resists reduction to
proposition, with each listener drawing their own meaning.
practice: >-
The discipline is not to explain the story. If the elder moralises, the
form collapses into lecture. Let the silence after the telling do its
work.
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id: tibetan-buddhist-debate
title: Tibetan Buddhist Debate
description: >-
A formal debate practice from Tibetan Buddhist monastic education in which
a challenger poses questions and a defender answers, using prescribed
gestures and logical forms. Originating in the Indian Buddhist pramana
tradition and developed in Tibetan Gelug monasteries such as Sera and
Drepung.
source: Tibetan Buddhist monastic tradition / Geshe Kelsang Gyatso
source_url: https://www.studybuddhism.com/
tags: [tibetan-buddhist, debate, education, logic, monastic]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set the roles
description: >-
One person takes the role of challenger (asking) and the other the
defender (answering). The challenger stands; the defender sits.
- headline: Pose the thesis
description: >-
The challenger poses a thesis or question drawn from the text under
study, framing it in the prescribed logical form.
- headline: Defender answers
description: >-
The defender gives a one-word or short answer that commits to a
position, which the challenger will now test.
- headline: Challenger tests with consequences
description: >-
The challenger follows with a sequence of logical consequences
(thal-ching), using claps and gestures to mark each step, seeking to
draw the defender into contradiction.
- headline: Concede or restate
description: >-
The defender concedes if cornered, or restates the position more
precisely. The debate ends when the thesis is either confirmed or
shown incoherent.
outcome: >-
The defender's understanding of the thesis is tested and sharpened
through public logical pressure; the audience follows the reasoning.
practice: >-
The gestures and claps are not theatre — they mark logical steps and
keep the debate's pace. Honour the form; it enables rigour.
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id: transition-town-open-space
title: Transition Town Open Space
description: >-
A practice from the Transition Towns movement — founded in Totnes, UK, by
Rob Hopkins — where a community uses open space to launch working groups
around energy, food, and local resilience. Combines open space
technology with a resilience framing.
source: Transition Network / Rob Hopkins, "The Transition Handbook"
source_url: https://transitionnetwork.org/
tags: [transition-towns, open-space, climate, community, resilience]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Frame the resilience question
description: >-
The convenor frames the gathering around the community's resilience
— how it will fare with less energy and a changing climate — and
invites participants to propose working groups.
- headline: Propose working groups
description: >-
Anyone proposes a working group — food, energy, transport, local
economy — and posts it. Participants sign up for the groups they
will join.
- headline: Groups meet and plan
description: >-
Working groups meet in corners of the venue, naming their first
practical project and the next meeting date. The groups are
self-organising from this point.
- headline: Report back
description: >-
Each working group reports its first project and meeting date to the
whole gathering. Public commitment strengthens follow-through.
- headline: Convene a coordinating hub
description: >-
A coordinating hub is named to convene the working groups periodically
and hold the whole transition initiative.
outcome: >-
Self-organising working groups form around practical resilience
projects, with a coordinating hub to hold the whole.
practice: >-
The framing matters — resilience, not apocalypse. People act on what
they can build, not on what they fear. The working groups must be free
to choose their own projects.
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id: tswana-kgotla
title: Tswana Kgotla Assembly
description: >-
A traditional Tswana (Botswana) public assembly at which a chief or
senior leader hears community concerns and deliberates decisions with
those present. The kgotla is the central institution of Tswana
governance and is enshrined in Botswana's national life.
source: Botswana kgotla tradition / Government of Botswana
source_url: https://www.gov.bw/
tags: [tswana, botswana, kgotla, governance, africa]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Call the kgotla
description: >-
The chief or convenor calls the kgotla at the kgotla grounds. All
adult members of the community may attend and speak.
- headline: Present the matter
description: >-
The convenor presents the matter for deliberation — a dispute, a
community project, a policy — and invites responses.
- headline: Hear all voices
description: >-
Men and women, senior and junior, speak in turn. The convenor listens
and may question, but does not dismiss.
- headline: Deliberate toward consensus
description: >-
Discussion continues until a consensus or widely accepted decision
emerges. The chief does not impose against strong objection.
- headline: Pronounce the decision
description: >-
The chief pronounces the decision, framed as the community's will.
It carries moral authority because all were heard.
outcome: >-
A decision is reached with the community's participation and consent,
carrying legitimacy that top-down decisions lack.
practice: >-
The kgotla is not a rubber stamp — if the chief ignores the assembly, the
form loses its power. Free speech within the kgotla is its lifeblood.
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id: ubuntu-imbizo
title: Ubuntu Imbizo Community Assembly
description: >-
A Southern African community assembly rooted in the philosophy of ubuntu
("I am because we are"), where community members gather to deliberate
matters of shared concern. Found across Nguni and other Southern African
societies, the imbizo is a forum for collective discussion and decision.
source: Southern African ubuntu tradition / Nelson Mandela Foundation
source_url: https://www.mandelafoundation.org/
tags: [ubuntu, southern-african, imbizo, governance, community]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Call the imbizo
description: >-
A senior member or chief calls the imbizo, announcing the matter and
inviting all adult community members to attend.
- headline: Open with ubuntu
description: >-
The convenor opens by affirming ubuntu — that the community is bound
together and that each person's dignity is tied to the others'.
- headline: Deliberate together
description: >-
Members speak in turn, with elders and those most affected given
particular attention. The convener seeks the points of agreement
that all can accept.
- headline: Decide collectively
description: >-
The decision is reached collectively, framed as the community's will
rather than the chief's. Dissent is acknowledged and recorded.
- headline: Bind the community
description: >-
The decision is pronounced in a way that affirms the ongoing
relationship of the community, even where some disagreed.
outcome: >-
A decision is made that carries the community's collective weight,
grounded in the recognition that each person belongs to the others.
practice: >-
Ubuntu is not a slogan but the premise — that no decision stands apart
from relationship. If the imbizo becomes a chief's pronouncement, the
form is broken.
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id: world-cafe
title: World Cafe
description: >-
A large-group dialogue method that uses small-table conversations and
rotating participation to cross-pollinate ideas. Developed by Juanita
Brown and David Isaacs.
source: The World Cafe Community
source_url: https://www.theworldcafe.com/
tags: [world-cafe, dialogue, large-group, knowledge]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Set tables and a question
description: >-
Tables of four or five are set with paper tablecloths and markers. A
single overarching question is posed for all tables.
- headline: First round
description: >-
Participants converse at their starting table for twenty to thirty
minutes, writing and drawing key ideas on the tablecloth.
- headline: Rotate
description: >-
One person stays as "table host" while others disperse to new tables.
The host briefs newcomers on the prior conversation; a new round
begins.
- headline: Harvest
description: >-
After two or three rounds, the whole group gathers and tables share
emerging themes, patterns, and surprising insights.
outcome: >-
Ideas cross-fertilise across the whole group; collective intelligence
surfaces that no single conversation would have reached.
practice: >-
Keep the question open and juicy. The tablecloths matter — people who
doodle engage more deeply than those who only talk.
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id: zulu-imbizo
title: Zulu Imbizo Royal Assembly
description: >-
A Zulu practice in which a king or senior chief calls an imbizo — a
gathering of all men of the nation or region — to hear matters and
receive instruction. Distinguished from the smaller indaba, the imbizo
is a mass assembly for matters of national importance.
source: Zulu Kingdom tradition / KwaZulu-Natal heritage
source_url: https://www.kzn.org.za/
tags: [zulu, imbizo, assembly, governance, southern-african]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Call the imbizo
description: >-
The king or chief calls the imbizo, with the call going out through
the regions. All men of the affected area are expected to attend.
- headline: Gather at the royal grounds
description: >-
The men gather at the royal grounds, seated by regiment and region.
The king or his representative opens the proceedings.
- headline: Present the matter
description: >-
The matter — a threat, a policy, a celebration — is presented. Those
gathered may speak, with senior men and regiment leaders heard first.
- headline: The king pronounces
description: >-
The king or his representative pronounces the decision or position,
framed as the will of the nation gathered. The assembly affirms by
presence and ululation.
outcome: >-
A matter of national importance is addressed with the whole community
present, giving the decision the weight of the assembled nation.
practice: >-
The imbizo is distinct from the indaba — it is a mass assembly, not a
leaders' discussion. The king's pronouncement carries the legitimacy of
the gathering; without the gathering, it would not.
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id: zulu-indaba
title: Zulu Indaba
description: >-
A traditional Southern African gathering of community leaders for
deliberation on a matter of shared concern. Originating in Nguni
(including Zulu) practice, the indaba is a structured forum for chiefs and
senior members to discuss until consensus is reached.
source: South African History Online
source_url: https://www.sahistory.org.za/
tags: [indaba, southern-african, governance, consensus]
forked_from: null
image: null
steps:
- headline: Convene the indaba
description: >-
A senior leader calls the indaba, setting the topic and ensuring all
affected groups are represented by their recognised spokespeople.
- headline: Open statements
description: >-
Each representative gives an opening position on the matter, heard in
full without interruption.
- headline: Open deliberation
description: >-
Discussion proceeds among the representatives, with the convener
ensuring that senior voices do not dominate and that dissent is voiced
respectfully.
- headline: Seek a common position
description: >-
The convener works toward a position that all can accept, summarising
points of agreement and continuing until none object.
- headline: Pronounce the outcome
description: >-
The senior leader pronounces the agreed position, which becomes the
binding decision of the indaba.
outcome: >-
A binding communal decision reached through inclusive deliberation, with
all represented groups accepting the outcome.
practice: >-
Indaba takes the time it takes; rushing it breaks the form. The convener's
skill lies in drawing out quiet voices and synthesising rather than
imposing.