const QUANTIZE_SHIFT = 4;
/** Ignore only fully clear pixels so a translucent logo fill still counts. */
const MIN_ALPHA = 16;
/** Black card type needs a light fill. Dark logo colors are lifted to this. */
const CARD_FILL_LIGHTNESS = 0.82;
const CARD_FILL_MAX_SATURATION = 0.48;

function rgbToHsl(
  r: number,
  g: number,
  b: number,
): { h: number; s: number; l: number } {
  const rn = r / 255;
  const gn = g / 255;
  const bn = b / 255;
  const max = Math.max(rn, gn, bn);
  const min = Math.min(rn, gn, bn);
  const l = (max + min) / 2;
  if (max === min) return { h: 0, s: 0, l };
  const d = max - min;
  const s = l > 0.5 ? d / (2 - max - min) : d / (max + min);
  let h = 0;
  if (max === rn) h = (gn - bn) / d + (gn < bn ? 6 : 0);
  else if (max === gn) h = (bn - rn) / d + 2;
  else h = (rn - gn) / d + 4;
  return { h: h / 6, s, l };
}

function hueChannel(p: number, q: number, t: number): number {
  let channel = t;
  if (channel < 0) channel += 1;
  if (channel > 1) channel -= 1;
  if (channel < 1 / 6) return p + (q - p) * 6 * channel;
  if (channel < 1 / 2) return q;
  if (channel < 2 / 3) return p + (q - p) * (2 / 3 - channel) * 6;
  return p;
}

function hslToRgb(h: number, s: number, l: number): [number, number, number] {
  if (s === 0) {
    const value = Math.round(l * 255);
    return [value, value, value];
  }
  const q = l < 0.5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
  const p = 2 * l - q;
  return [
    Math.round(hueChannel(p, q, h + 1 / 3) * 255),
    Math.round(hueChannel(p, q, h) * 255),
    Math.round(hueChannel(p, q, h - 1 / 3) * 255),
  ];
}

/**
 * Keep an already-light logo color. Lift a dark one to a pale tint of the
 * same hue so the card’s black type stays readable.
 */
export function readableCardFill(r: number, g: number, b: number): string {
  const { h, s, l } = rgbToHsl(r, g, b);
  if (l >= 0.7) return `rgb(${r}, ${g}, ${b})`;
  const [rr, gg, bb] = hslToRgb(
    h,
    Math.min(s, CARD_FILL_MAX_SATURATION),
    CARD_FILL_LIGHTNESS,
  );
  return `rgb(${rr}, ${gg}, ${bb})`;
}

/**
 * Most common opaque color in `data` (RGBA). Nearby shades share a bucket
 * so a logo’s main fill wins over anti-aliased edges. Returns `null` when
 * every pixel is transparent.
 */
export function mostCommonOpaqueColor(data: Uint8ClampedArray): string | null {
  const buckets = new Map<
    number,
    { count: number; r: number; g: number; b: number }
  >();

  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {
    const alpha = data[i + 3] ?? 0;
    if (alpha < MIN_ALPHA) continue;
    const r = data[i] ?? 0;
    const g = data[i + 1] ?? 0;
    const b = data[i + 2] ?? 0;
    const key =
      ((r >> QUANTIZE_SHIFT) << 8) |
      ((g >> QUANTIZE_SHIFT) << 4) |
      (b >> QUANTIZE_SHIFT);
    const bucket = buckets.get(key);
    if (bucket) {
      bucket.count += 1;
      bucket.r += r;
      bucket.g += g;
      bucket.b += b;
    } else {
      buckets.set(key, { count: 1, r, g, b });
    }
  }

  let best: { count: number; r: number; g: number; b: number } | null = null;
  for (const bucket of buckets.values()) {
    if (!best || bucket.count > best.count) best = bucket;
  }
  if (!best || best.count === 0) return null;

  const r = Math.round(best.r / best.count);
  const g = Math.round(best.g / best.count);
  const b = Math.round(best.b / best.count);
  return `rgb(${r}, ${g}, ${b})`;
}

/**
 * Light random fill. Hue is free; lightness stays high so the card’s black
 * type remains readable.
 */
export function randomPreviewSurfaceColor(
  random: () => number = Math.random,
): string {
  const hue = Math.floor(random() * 360);
  const saturation = 50 + Math.floor(random() * 35);
  const lightness = 76 + Math.floor(random() * 12);
  return `hsl(${hue}, ${saturation}%, ${lightness}%)`;
}

const STORED_PREVIEW_SURFACE_COLOR =
  /^hsl\(\d{1,3}, \d{1,3}%, \d{1,3}%\)$/;

/** True when `value` is a draft-stored review-card fallback fill. */
export function isPreviewSurfaceColor(value: string): boolean {
  return STORED_PREVIEW_SURFACE_COLOR.test(value);
}

function imageNeedsCors(url: string): boolean {
  if (
    url.startsWith("/") ||
    url.startsWith("blob:") ||
    url.startsWith("data:")
  ) {
    return false;
  }
  try {
    return new URL(url, window.location.href).origin !== window.location.origin;
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

function loadImage(url: string): Promise<HTMLImageElement | null> {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    const img = new Image();
    img.onload = () => resolve(img);
    img.onerror = () => resolve(null);
    if (imageNeedsCors(url)) img.crossOrigin = "anonymous";
    img.src = url;
  });
}

/** Downscale `url` and return its most common opaque color, or `null`. */
export async function dominantColorFromImageUrl(
  url: string,
): Promise<string | null> {
  if (typeof window === "undefined") return null;
  const img = await loadImage(url);
  if (!img) return null;

  const size = 32;
  const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
  canvas.width = size;
  canvas.height = size;
  const context = canvas.getContext("2d", { willReadFrequently: true });
  if (!context) return null;
  context.drawImage(img, 0, 0, size, size);

  try {
    const raw = mostCommonOpaqueColor(
      context.getImageData(0, 0, size, size).data,
    );
    if (!raw) return null;
    const match = raw.match(/^rgb\((\d+), (\d+), (\d+)\)$/);
    if (!match) return raw;
    return readableCardFill(
      Number(match[1]),
      Number(match[2]),
      Number(match[3]),
    );
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
}